Darod

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This article is about the ethnic group. For the geographical area, see Darod.
Main article: Somali clan
Darod
بني داوود
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Somali and Arabic
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Banu Hashim,meheri, Hawiye, Isaaq, other Somali clans

The Darod (Somali: Darood or Daarood, Arabic: بني داوود) is a Somali clan. The father of this clan is named Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, but is more commonly known as Darod. In the Somali language, the word Daarood means "an enclosed compound," a conflation of the two words daar (compound) and ood (place enclosed by wall, trees, woods, fence, etc).

The Darod population in Somalia lives principally in the north, with a presence in the Mogadishu area as well as southwestern Somalia. Outside of Somalia proper, there are various Darod sub-clans in the Somali Region and the North Eastern Province (currently administered by Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively), as well as Yemen.


Origin

There are a few theries as to Darod's origin. Some claim him to be an Ethiopian slave that escaped from the Hijaz and ran to Somalia, while others say Darod was just a Somalian and not an Arab. Others even say that Darod was descedend from Yemeni streetsweepers known as Jabarti; majority of Islamic historians and modern historians however find no connection to Darod and these Yemenese streetsweepers, they could however been descended from Ismail Ibn Ibrahim Al Aqeeli's other children. Moreover, the most authentic and most widely held belief is that Darod was born in the metropolitan Islamic city known as Jabarta to a Banu Hashim Shiekh.

The 9th century Islamic writer, Al- Masudi wrote in his Aquiline book ( the descendants of the prophet Mohammed's young cousin Aqeel Ibn Abu Talib) that several Quraish sub-clans moved to to the city of Jabarta and the Zeila region around the ninth century A.D. Some key sub-clans include Banu Shams, Banu Abd Manaf and Banu Hashim. From the Banu Hashim, many Aquiline settlers lived in Jabarta such as Ahmed Ibn Husein Ibn Ali Al-Jabarti, Ahmed Ibn Omar Al-Zayli and most importantly he mentions the sufi Qadiriyah sheik Ismail Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Abdisamad Al-Aqeeyli Al-Zayli who is considered a Sufi saint in Yemen, the father of Darod(Abdirahman) the man most modern Darood claim have descended from. This sufi sheikh also had other sons -who all carry the surname "Jabarti"- where their tribes can be found in Southern Yemen, Eriteria, and parts of Saudi Arabia.

History

The majority of Darod clan members claim to be descendants of Muhammad ibn Aqil, son of Aqeel ibn Abi Talib. Aqeel ibn Abi Talib was the second of four sons of Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, who was the uncle and protector of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Abu Talib during those early days was head of the Banu Hashim. The Darod have strong tribal relationships with the other Hashemites.

According to early Islamic books and Somali tradition, Muhammad ibn Aqil's descendant Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, a son of the Sufi sheikh of the Qadiriyyah Order, was born in Jabarta, northeastern Somalia in either the 9th or 10th centuries AD, where he took the daughter of the Dir chief as his wife. Darod was also good friends with Sheikh Isaaq bin Ahmed al-Hashimi, another Banu Hashim who came to Somalia around the same time and is also the father of another clan in Somalia known as Reer Isaaq.[1]

The Darod were supporters of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi during his 16th century conquest of Ethiopia, especially the Harti and Marehan sub-clans, who fought at the Battle of Shimbra Kure.[2]


Lineage

Darod is the son of the famous Sufi Sheikh, Ismail bin Ibrahim Al-Jabarti, who was born in Yemen but raised in Jabarti. He is considered by almost all Darod Somalis to be desceneded from the Bani Hashim.

His lineage is: Abdirahmaan Bin Ismaa'iil Bin Ibraahim Bin Abdirahmaan Bin Muhammed Bin Abdi Samad Bin Hanbal Bin Mahdi Bin Ahmed Bin Abdallah Bin Muhammed Bin Aqil Bin Abu-Talib Bin Abdul-Mutalib Bin Hashim. [1]

Sons of Daarood

Darod had five sons, and they are:

  • Muhammad ibn AbdiRahman, known by his Somali nickname '"Kablalax
  • Ahmed ibn AbdiRahman= Sade Daarood
  • Hussien ibn AbdiRahman= Tanade Daarood
  • Yuosuf ibn AbdiRahman= Awrtable Daarood
  • Eissa ibn AbdiRahman= Ciise Daarood


Demographics

Some sources, including the Canadian Report of the Somalia Commission of Inquiry, indicate that the Darod is the largest Somali clan.[3][4] The CIA and Human Rights Watch, however, indicate that Hawiye is the largest Somali clan.[5][6] The CIA indicates that the Darod make up 40% of the Somalis in Ethiopia and Kenya.[citation needed]


Partial sub-clan summary

Notable Darod people

Darod resting Place


Notes

  1. ^ a b I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 22
  2. ^ Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin 'Abd al-Qader, Futuh al-Habasa: The conquest of Ethiopia, translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by Richard Pankhurst (Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003), pp. 50, 76
  3. ^ "The Situation in Somalia". Report of the Somali Commission of Inquiry, Vol. 1. Retrieved November 21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Somalia Assesment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure, Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain
  5. ^ Central Intelligence Agency (2002). "Ethnic Groups". Somalia Summary Map. Retrieved February 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Human Rights Watch (1990). "Somalia: Human Rights Developments". Human Rights Watch World Report 1990. Retrieved November 21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Somalia Online

References

  • Hunt, John A. (1951). "Chapter IX: Tribes and Their Stock". A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944–1950. London: Crown Agent for the Colonies. Accessed on October 7 2005 (from Civic Webs Virtual Library archive).
  • "The Somali Ethnic Group and Clan System". Civic Webs Virtual Library, from: Reunification of the Somali People by Jack L. Davies, Band 160 IEE Working Papers, Institute of Development Research and Development, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany 1996, ISBN 3-927276-46-4, ISSN 0934-6058. Retrieved January 22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)

External links

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