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{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = "+arya+" Pterocarpus santalinus ꦕꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦤ ꦲꦧꦁ cendana janggi - krucuk 2020 04.jpg
|image = Starr 070727-7640 Pterocarpus indicus.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Pterocarpus indicus|P. indicus]]'' seed pods
|image_caption = ''[[Pterocarpus santalinus]]'' seed pods
⚫
|taxon = Pterocarpus
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
⚫
|authority = [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]] (1763), nom. cons.
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Fabales]]
|familia = [[Fabaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Faboideae]]
⚫
| tribus = [[Dalbergieae]]<ref name="Lavin">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE | year = 2001 | title = The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade | url = http://www.amjbot.org/content/88/3/503.abstract | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] | volume = 88 | issue = 3 | pages = 503–33 | pmid = 11250829 | doi=10.2307/2657116| jstor = 2657116 }}</ref><ref name="Cardoso">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629913002585 | journal = [[South African Journal of Botany|S Afr J Bot]] | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 }}</ref>
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|genus = '''''Pterocarpus'''''
⚫
|genus_authority = [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = 35, see [[#Species|text]]
|subdivision = [[#Species|See text]]
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
* ''Amphymenium'' <small>Kunth</small>
*''Amphymenium'' {{small|Kunth (1824)}}
* ''Phellocarpus'' <small>Benth.</small>
*''Ancylocalyx'' {{small|Tul. (1843)}}
* ''Pterocarpus'' <small>L.</small>
*''Echinodiscus'' {{small|Benth. (1837)}}
*''Etaballia'' {{small|Benth. (1840)}}
*''Griselinia'' {{small|Scop. (1777), nom. superfl.}}
*''Lingoum'' {{small|Adans. (1763), nom. superfl.}}
*''Malaparius'' {{small|Rumph. ex Bosc (1803)}}
*''Moutouchi'' {{small|Aubl. (1775)}}
*''Nephraea'' {{small|Hassk. (1844)}}
*''Nephrea'' {{small|Noronha (1790), nom. nud.}}
*''Phellocarpus'' {{small|Benth. (1837)}}
*''Pterocarpos'' {{small|St.-Lag. (1880)}}
*''Pterocarpus'' {{small|L. (1754), nom. rej.}}
*''Weinreichia'' {{small|Rchb. (1828)}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331884-2 ''Pterocarpus'' Jacq.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref>
}}
}}
[[File:Pterocarpus officinalis MHNT.BOT.2010.6.39.jpg|thumb|Wood of ''P. officinalis'']]
[[File:Pterocarpus officinalis MHNT.BOT.2010.6.39.jpg|thumb|Wood of ''P. officinalis'']]
⚫
'''''Pterocarpus''''' is a [[pantropical]] [[genus]] of trees in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It belongs to the subfamily [[Faboideae]], and was recently assigned to the informal [[monophyly|monophyletic]] ''Pterocarpus'' clade within the [[Dalbergieae]].<ref name="Lavin" /><ref name="Cardoso" /> Most species of ''Pterocarpus'' yield valuable timber traded as '''padauk''' (or padouk), usually pronounced {{IPAc-en|p|ə|'|d|u:|k|}} or {{IPAc-en|'|p|æ|d|,|oʊ|k|}};<ref>{{cite web |title=African Padauk {{!}} The Wood Database (Hardwood) |url=https://www.wood-database.com/african-padauk/ |website=www.wood-database.com |language=en-US |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref> other common names are '''mukwa''' or '''narra'''. The west African species may be traded as '''African rosewood'''.<ref>The Rosewood Trade: An Illicit Trail from Forest to Furniture Authors: Sandy Ong / Andy Carver, Date: 29 January 2019, URL: https://e360.yale.edu/features/the-rosewood-trade-the-illicit-trail-from-forest-to-furniture (Yale School of Environment)</ref> ''[[Pterocarpus santalinus|P. santalinus]]'' also yields the most precious red sandalwood in China known as Zitan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wood-database.com/zitan/|title=Zitan {{!}} The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)|website=www.wood-database.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.dyhmjjxhw.com/file/upload/201212/22/16-31-55-12-1.pdf |title=Chinese National Standard for Rosewood Furniture - QB/T 2385-2008 }}</ref> The wood from the narra tree (''[[Pterocarpus indicus|P. indicus]]'') and the Burmese padauk tree (''[[Pterocarpus macrocarpus|P. macrocarpus]]'') is marketed as '''amboyna''' when it has grown in the [[burl]] form.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wood-database.com/amboyna/ | title = The Wood Database | author = Meier E. }}</ref> The [[scientific name]] is [[Latin]]ized [[Ancient Greek]] and means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of the [[legume|seed pods]] in this genus.


⚫
==Uses==
⚫
'''''Pterocarpus''''' is a [[pantropical]] [[genus]] of trees in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It belongs to the subfamily [[Faboideae]], and was recently assigned to the informal [[monophyly|monophyletic]] ''Pterocarpus'' clade within the [[Dalbergieae]].<ref name="Lavin" /><ref name="Cardoso" /> Most species of ''Pterocarpus'' yield valuable timber traded as '''padauk''' (or padouk); other common names are '''mukwa''' or '''narra'''. ''[[Pterocarpus santalinus|P. santalinus]]'' also yields the most precious rosewood in China known as Zitan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wood-database.com/zitan/|title=Zitan {{!}} The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)|website=www.wood-database.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.dyhmjjxhw.com/file/upload/201212/22/16-31-55-12-1.pdf |title=Chinese National Standard for Rosewood Furniture - QB/T 2385-2008 |last= |first= |date= |website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> The wood from the narra tree (''[[Pterocarpus indicus|P. indicus]]'') and the Burmese padauk tree (''[[Pterocarpus macrocarpus|P. macrocarpus]]'') is marketed as '''amboyna''' when it has grown in the [[burl]] form.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wood-database.com/amboyna/ | title = The Wood Database | author = Meier E. }}</ref> The [[scientific name]] is [[Latin]]ized [[Ancient Greek]] and means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of the [[legume|seed pods]] in this genus.
⚫
Padauk wood is obtained from several [[species]] of ''Pterocarpus''. All padauks are of African or Asian origin. Padauks are valued for their toughness, stability in use, and decorativeness, most having a reddish wood. Most ''[https://onetotree.org/narra/ Pterocarpus]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Narra|url=https://onetotree.org/narra/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=OneToTree|language=en}}</ref> woods contain either water- or alcohol-soluble substances and can be used as [[dye]]s.


⚫
The padauk found most often is African padauk from ''[[Pterocarpus soyauxii|P. soyauxii]]'' which, when freshly cut, is a very bright red/orange but when exposed to sunlight fades over time to a warm brown. Its colour makes it a favourite among woodworkers. Burmese padauk (ပိတောက်) is ''[[Pterocarpus macrocarpus|P. macrocarpus]]'' while Andaman padauk is ''[[Pterocarpus dalbergioides|P. dalbergioides]]''. Padauks can be confused with true [[Rosewood (timber)|rosewoods]] to which they are somewhat related, but as a general rule padauks are coarser and less decorative in figure. Like rosewood, padauk is sometimes used to make [[xylophone]], [[Organ (music)|organ]] and [[marimba]] keys, and guitars. It is an important material in traditional [[Chinese furniture]].
⚫
== Uses ==
⚫
Padauk wood is obtained from several [[species]] of ''Pterocarpus''. All padauks are of African or Asian origin. Padauks are valued for their toughness, stability in use, and decorativeness, most having a reddish wood. Most ''Pterocarpus'' woods contain either water- or alcohol-soluble substances and can be used as [[dye]]s.


[[File:African Padauk wood.jpg|thumb|African padauk wood]]
⚫
The padauk found most often is African padauk from ''[[Pterocarpus soyauxii|P. soyauxii]]'' which, when freshly cut, is a very bright red/orange but when exposed to sunlight fades over time to a warm brown. Its colour makes it a favourite among woodworkers. Burmese padauk (ပိတောက်) is ''[[Pterocarpus macrocarpus|P. macrocarpus]]'' while Andaman padauk is ''[[Pterocarpus dalbergioides|P. dalbergioides]]''. Padauks can be confused with true [[Rosewood (timber)|rosewoods]] to which they are somewhat related, but as a general rule padauks are coarser and less decorative in figure. Like rosewood, padauk is sometimes used to make [[xylophone]], [[organ]] and [[marimba]] keys, and guitars. It is an important material in traditional [[Chinese furniture]].


Some padauks, e.g. ''P. soyauxii'', are used as [[herbal medicine]]s, for example to treat skin parasites and fungal infections.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17977 | title = AgroForestryTree Database entry for ''Pterocarpus soyauxii'' | author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | date = | website = AgroForestryTree Database | publisher = World Agroforestry Centre (WAC) | accessdate = 1 November 2008 }}</ref>
Some padauks, e.g. ''P. soyauxii'', are used as [[herbal medicine]]s, for example to treat skin parasites and fungal infections.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17977 | title = AgroForestryTree Database entry for ''Pterocarpus soyauxii'' | author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | website = AgroForestryTree Database | publisher = World Agroforestry Centre (WAC) | access-date = 1 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090213121119/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17977 | archive-date = 13 February 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref>


== Chemistry ==
==Chemistry==
[[Pterocarpin]] is a pterocarpan found in ''Pterocarpus'' spp.<ref>[http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/information.jsp?mode=r&word=C00009616&key=5 Pterocarpin at knapsack_jsp]</ref>
[[Pterocarpin]] is a [[pterocarpan]] found in ''Pterocarpus'' spp.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/information.jsp?mode=r&word=C00009616&key=5 |title=Pterocarpin at knapsack_jsp |access-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222201449/http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/information.jsp?mode=r&word=C00009616&key=5 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
A total of 35 [[species]] are currently accepted:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Pterocarpus&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Pterocarpus'' | author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | accessdate = 11 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10084 | title = GRIN species records of ''Pterocarpus'' | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | date = | website = [[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = [[Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center|National Germplasm Resources Laboratory]], Beltsville, Maryland | accessdate = 11 February 2014 }}</ref>
A total of 35 [[species]] is currently accepted:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Pterocarpus&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Pterocarpus'' | author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | access-date = 11 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10084 | title = GRIN species records of ''Pterocarpus'' | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | website = [[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = [[Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center|National Germplasm Resources Laboratory]], Beltsville, Maryland | access-date = 11 February 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075154/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10084 | archive-date = 24 September 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=300px}}
{{div col|colwidth=300px}}
<!-- Pterocarpus abyssinicus was reclassified as Pterocarpus lucens. -->
<!-- Pterocarpus abyssinicus was reclassified as Pterocarpus lucens. -->
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<!-- Pterocarpus diadelphus was reclassified as Aganope heptaphylla. -->
<!-- Pterocarpus diadelphus was reclassified as Aganope heptaphylla. -->
<!-- Pterocarpus draco was reclassified as Pterocarpus officinalis. -->
<!-- Pterocarpus draco was reclassified as Pterocarpus officinalis. -->
*''[[Pterocarpus dubius]]'' {{small|(Kunth) Spreng.}} – Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil
<!-- Pterocarpus ecastaphyllum was reclassified as Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. -->
<!-- Pterocarpus ecastaphyllum was reclassified as Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. -->
<!-- Pterocarpus echinata was reclassified as Pterocarpus indicus. -->
<!-- Pterocarpus echinata was reclassified as Pterocarpus indicus. -->
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=
⚫
<ref name=Lavin>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE | year = 2001 | title = The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] | volume = 88 | issue = 3 | pages = 503–33 | pmid = 11250829 | doi=10.2307/2657116| jstor = 2657116 }}</ref>


<ref name=Cardoso>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | journal = [[South African Journal of Botany|S Afr J Bot]] | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
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== External links ==
}}
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{{WestAfricanPlants|Pterocarpus}}
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{{Commons category}}


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==External links==
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{{Commons category-inline}}

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{{WestAfricanPlants|Pterocarpus}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132894}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132894}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Pterocarpus| ]]
[[Category:Fabaceae genera]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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[[Category:Pterocarpus|*]]
[[Category:Pantropical flora]]
[[Category:Pantropical flora]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin]]
[[Category:Plant dyes]]

Revision as of 04:46, 3 January 2024

Pterocarpus
Pterocarpus santalinus seed pods
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Dalbergieae
Genus: Pterocarpus
Jacq. (1763), nom. cons.
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Amphymenium Kunth (1824)
  • Ancylocalyx Tul. (1843)
  • Echinodiscus Benth. (1837)
  • Etaballia Benth. (1840)
  • Griselinia Scop. (1777), nom. superfl.
  • Lingoum Adans. (1763), nom. superfl.
  • Malaparius Rumph. ex Bosc (1803)
  • Moutouchi Aubl. (1775)
  • Nephraea Hassk. (1844)
  • Nephrea Noronha (1790), nom. nud.
  • Phellocarpus Benth. (1837)
  • Pterocarpos St.-Lag. (1880)
  • Pterocarpus L. (1754), nom. rej.
  • Weinreichia Rchb. (1828)
Wood of P. officinalis

Pterocarpus is a pantropical genus of trees in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.[2][3] Most species of Pterocarpus yield valuable timber traded as padauk (or padouk), usually pronounced /pəˈduːk/ or /ˈpædˌoʊk/;[4] other common names are mukwa or narra. The west African species may be traded as African rosewood.[5] P. santalinus also yields the most precious red sandalwood in China known as Zitan.[6][7] The wood from the narra tree (P. indicus) and the Burmese padauk tree (P. macrocarpus) is marketed as amboyna when it has grown in the burl form.[8] The scientific name is Latinized Ancient Greek and means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of the seed pods in this genus.

Uses

Padauk wood is obtained from several species of Pterocarpus. All padauks are of African or Asian origin. Padauks are valued for their toughness, stability in use, and decorativeness, most having a reddish wood. Most Pterocarpus[9] woods contain either water- or alcohol-soluble substances and can be used as dyes.

The padauk found most often is African padauk from P. soyauxii which, when freshly cut, is a very bright red/orange but when exposed to sunlight fades over time to a warm brown. Its colour makes it a favourite among woodworkers. Burmese padauk (ပိတောက်) is P. macrocarpus while Andaman padauk is P. dalbergioides. Padauks can be confused with true rosewoods to which they are somewhat related, but as a general rule padauks are coarser and less decorative in figure. Like rosewood, padauk is sometimes used to make xylophone, organ and marimba keys, and guitars. It is an important material in traditional Chinese furniture.

African padauk wood

Some padauks, e.g. P. soyauxii, are used as herbal medicines, for example to treat skin parasites and fungal infections.[10]

Chemistry

Pterocarpin is a pterocarpan found in Pterocarpus spp.[11]

Species

A total of 35 species is currently accepted:[12][13]

Notes

1 Some sources treat P. echinatus as a synonym of P. indicus.

References

  1. ^ Pterocarpus Jacq. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  2. ^ Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE (2001). "The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade". Am J Bot. 88 (3): 503–33. doi:10.2307/2657116. JSTOR 2657116. PMID 11250829.
  3. ^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
  4. ^ "African Padauk | The Wood Database (Hardwood)". www.wood-database.com. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  5. ^ The Rosewood Trade: An Illicit Trail from Forest to Furniture Authors: Sandy Ong / Andy Carver, Date: 29 January 2019, URL: https://e360.yale.edu/features/the-rosewood-trade-the-illicit-trail-from-forest-to-furniture (Yale School of Environment)
  6. ^ "Zitan | The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)". www.wood-database.com. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  7. ^ "Chinese National Standard for Rosewood Furniture - QB/T 2385-2008" (PDF).
  8. ^ Meier E. "The Wood Database".
  9. ^ "Narra". OneToTree. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  10. ^ "AgroForestryTree Database entry for Pterocarpus soyauxii". AgroForestryTree Database. World Agroforestry Centre (WAC). Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  11. ^ "Pterocarpin at knapsack_jsp". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  12. ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Pterocarpus". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  13. ^ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Pterocarpus". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2014.

External links

Media related to Pterocarpus at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pterocarpus&oldid=1193313033"