Rhipidistia: Difference between revisions

Rhipidistians; Temporal range: ; Early Devonian - Present, 416–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Sarcopterygii
Clade:	Rhipidistia
Subgroups
	Dipnomorpha; Tetrapodomorpha;

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Revision as of 02:39, 21 May 2021

Rhipidistia, also known as Dipnotetrapodomorpha,^[1] is a clade of lobe-finned fishes which includes the tetrapods and lungfishes. Rhipidistia formerly referred to a subgroup of Sarcopterygii consisting of the Porolepiformes and Osteolepiformes, a definition that is now obsolete.^[2] However as cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades, a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the whole of Tetrapoda and the lungfishes.

Rhipidistia includes Porolepiformes and Dipnoi. Extensive fossilization of lungfishes has contributed to many evolutionary studies of this group. Evolution of autostylic jaw suspension, in which the palatoquadrate bone fuses to the cranium, is unique to this group.

The precise time at which the choana evolved is debated, with some considering early rhipidistians as the first choanates.

Relationships

The cladogram presented below is based on studies compiled by Philippe Janvier and others for the Tree of Life Web Project,^[3] and Swartz 2012.^[4]

Sarcopterygii

†Onychodontidae

Actinistia (coelacanths)

Rhipidistia

†Styloichthys

Dipnomorpha

	†Porolepiformes

	Dipnoi (lungfishes)

Tetrapodomorpha

?†Tungsenia

†Kenichthys

?†Thysanolepidae

†Tinirau

†Platycephalichthys

†Panderichthys

	†Metaxygnathus

	†Ventastega

Tetrapoda

References

^ Joseph S., Nelson (19 May 2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. p. 461. ISBN 978-0-471-75644-6. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
^ "Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved 3 April 2014.
^ Janvier, Philippe. 1997. Vertebrata. Animals with backbones. Version 01 January 1997 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829/1997.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
^ Swartz, B. (2012). "A marine stem-tetrapod from the Devonian of Western North America". PLoS ONE. 7 (3): e33683. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033683. PMC 3308997. PMID 22448265.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

External links

This article about a prehistoric lobe-finned fish is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[Nelson2006-1] Joseph S., Nelson (19 May 2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. p. 461. ISBN 978-0-471-75644-6. Retrieved 9 May 2015.

[Age_Rhipidistia_lived_in-2] "Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved 3 April 2014.

[tol-3] Janvier, Philippe. 1997. Vertebrata. Animals with backbones. Version 01 January 1997 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829/1997.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

[SB12-4] Swartz, B. (2012). "A marine stem-tetrapod from the Devonian of Western North America". PLoS ONE. 7 (3): e33683. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033683. PMC 3308997. PMID 22448265.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Clade of fishes}}
+{{short description|Clade of vertebrates}}
 {{automatic taxobox
 | name = Rhipidistians
-| image= Rhipidistia.jpg
+| image = Rhipidistia.jpg
 | image_caption =
-| fossil_range = <br>[[Early Devonian]] - [[Holocene|Present]], {{fossilrange|416|0}}
+| fossil_range = <br />[[Early Devonian]] - [[Holocene|Present]], {{fossilrange|416|0}}
 | taxon = Rhipidistia
 | authority =
 | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
 | subdivision =
-*[[Dipnomorpha]]
+* [[Dipnomorpha]]
-*[[Tetrapodomorpha]]
+* [[Tetrapodomorpha]]
 }}
-'''Rhipidistia''', also known as Dipnotetrapodomorpha,<ref name="Nelson2006">{{cite book|last=Joseph S.|first=Nelson|author-link=Joseph S. Nelson|title=Fishes of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exTV-GLnCB4C&pg=PA461|access-date=9 May 2015|date=19 May 2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-75644-6|page=461}}</ref> is a clade of [[lobe-finned fish]]es which includes the [[tetrapods]] and [[lungfishes]]. Rhipidistia formerly referred to a subgroup of [[Sarcopterygii]] consisting of the [[Porolepiformes]] and [[Osteolepiformes]], a definition that is now obsolete.<ref name="Age Rhipidistia lived in">{{cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/501438/Rhipidistia|access-date=3 April 2014}}</ref> However as cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades, a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the whole of [[Tetrapoda]] and the [[lungfishes]].
+'''Rhipidistia''', also known as '''Dipnotetrapodomorpha''',<ref name="Nelson2006">{{cite book|last=Joseph S.|first=Nelson|author-link=Joseph S. Nelson|title=Fishes of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exTV-GLnCB4C&pg=PA461|access-date=9 May 2015|date=19 May 2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-75644-6|page=461}}</ref> is a clade of [[lobe-finned fish]]es which includes the [[tetrapods]] and [[lungfishes]]. Rhipidistia formerly referred to a subgroup of [[Sarcopterygii]] consisting of the [[Porolepiformes]] and [[Osteolepiformes]], a definition that is now obsolete.<ref name="Age Rhipidistia lived in">{{cite web|title=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/501438/Rhipidistia|access-date=3 April 2014}}</ref> However as cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades, a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the whole of [[Tetrapoda]] and the [[lungfishes]].
 Rhipidistia includes Porolepiformes and Dipnoi. Extensive fossilization of lungfishes has contributed to many evolutionary studies of this group. Evolution of autostylic jaw suspension, in which the palatoquadrate bone fuses to the cranium, is unique to this group.