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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name= William Platt
|name= Sir William Platt
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|image=
|birth_date=14 June 1885
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|caption=
|death_date= 28 September 1975 (aged 90)
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|nickname= "The Kaid"
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|birth_place=Brooklands, Cheshire, [[United Kingdom]]
|birth_date= {{birth date|1885|06|14|df=yes}}
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|death_place=[[London]], England, United Kingdom
|death_date= {{death date and age|1975|09|28|1885|06|14|df=yes}}
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|image=
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|birth_place= Brooklands, [[Cheshire]], England
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|caption=
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|death_place= [[London]], England
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|nickname=The Kaid
|allegiance= {{UK}}
|allegiance= {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|branch={{army|UK}}
|branch= {{army|United Kingdom}}
|serviceyears= 1905 - 1945
|serviceyears= 1905–1945
|rank= [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
|rank= [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
|commands=2nd Battalion [[The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)|Wiltshire Regiment]] (1930 to 1933)<br>[[7th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|7th Infantry Brigade]] (Oct 1934 to Oct 1938)<br>GOC, British Troops in Sudan & Commandant Sudan Defence Force (Nov 1938 to Oct 1941)<br>Commander in Chief, [[East Africa Command]] - 1941 to 1945
|unit=
|unit=
|commands= [[East Africa Command]] (1941–45)<br/>British Troops in Sudan (1938–41)<br/>[[7th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|7th Infantry Brigade]] (1934–38)<br/>2nd Battalion [[The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)|Wiltshire Regiment]] (1930–33)
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|battles=[[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]]
|battles= [[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North-West Frontier]]<br/>[[First World War]]<br/>[[Second World War]]
|awards= [[Order of the British Empire|GBE]](1 Jan 1943)<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35841| date=29 December 1942| startpage=9| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref><br>[[Order of the Bath|KCB]] (30 May 1941)<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=38176| date=30 May 1942| startpage=3091| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref><br>[[Order of the Bath|CB]] (8 Jun 1939)<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=34633| date=6 June 1939| startpage=3854| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref><br>[[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]] (1908)<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=28199| date=24 November 1908| startpage=8698| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref><br>[[Mentioned in despatches|MID]] (14 Aug 1908,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=28168| date=14 August 1908| startpage=6058| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> 14 Jan 1917, 20 May 1918, 20 Dec 1918, 5 Jul 1919, 1 Apr 1941<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35120| date=28 March 1941| startpage=1870| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref>)
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* [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]]
|laterwork=ADC to the King (29 Jun 1937-10 Nov 1938<br>Colonel, The Wiltshire Regiment (28 Jun 1942 – 1 Nov 1954)<br>
|awards= [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35841| date=29 December 1942| startpage=9| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref><br/>[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]]<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=38176| date=30 May 1942| startpage=3091| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref><br/>[[Distinguished Service Order]]<br/>[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (6)<br/>[[Order of the Nile|Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile]] (Egypt)<br/>[[Order of the Star of Ethiopia|Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia]]<br/>[[Legion of Honour|Commander of the Legion of Honour]] (France)
Director, Messrs. [[Mather and Platt]] Ltd., Manchester (24 Feb 1946-Mar 1957)
|laterwork= Colonel of The Wiltshire Regiment (1942–54)<br/>Director, Messrs. [[Mather and Platt]] Ltd., Manchester (1946–57)
}}
}}
[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir William Platt''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|GBE|KCB|DSO}} (born 1885; died 1975) was an officer in the [[British Army]], the [[Australian Army]], and the [[New Zealand Army]] during the [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second]] [[World Wars]].
[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir William Platt''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GBE|KCB|DSO}} (14 June 1885 – 28 September 1975) was an officer in the [[British Army]], the [[Australian Army]], and the [[New Zealand Army]] during the [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second]] [[World Wars]].


==Early years==
==Early years==
Platt was educated at [[Marlborough College]] and [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Royal Military College]], [[Sandhurst, Berkshire|Sandhurst]].
Platt was educated at [[Marlborough College]] and [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Royal Military College]], [[Sandhurst, Berkshire|Sandhurst]].


On graduating from Sandhurst, Platt was commissioned into the [[Northumberland Fusiliers]] in August 1905.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=27827| date=15 August 1905| startpage=5620| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> From 1908 to 1914 he served on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier]] in [[India]] where he won the [[Distinguished Service Order]] and was [[mentioned in dispatches]] for the first of a remarkable six such citations. Platt was promoted to lieutenant in June 1909<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=28288| date=14 September 1909| startpage=6875| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> and captain in November 1914.<ref>{{londonGazette| issue=28986| date=24 November 1914| startpage=9971| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref>
On graduating from Sandhurst, Platt was commissioned into the [[Northumberland Fusiliers]] in August 1905.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=27827| date=15 August 1905| startpage=5620| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> From 1908 to 1914 he served on the [[Military history of the North-West Frontier|North-West Frontier]] in India where he won the [[Distinguished Service Order]] and was [[mentioned in despatches]] for the first of six such citations.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=28199| date=24 November 1908| startpage=8698| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=28168| date=14 August 1908| startpage=6058| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35120| date=28 March 1941| startpage=1870| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> Platt was promoted to lieutenant in June 1909<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=28288| date=14 September 1909| startpage=6875| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> and captain in November 1914.<ref>{{londonGazette| issue=28986| date=24 November 1914| startpage=9971| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref>


==First World War==
==First World War==
From 1914 to 1918, Platt fought in [[France]] and [[Belgium]] during the [[World War I|European War]]. Between 1915 and 1916, he was appointed brigade-major<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29073| date=16 February 1915| startpage=1676| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> of the [[103rd Infantry Brigade]] and was promoted brevet major in December 1916<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29886| date=29 December 1916| startpage=18| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> Between 1916 and 1917, Platt was a [[General Staff Officer]], Grade 2,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29874| date=19 December 1916| startpage=12451| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> of the [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]]. In 1917, he was made a General Staff Officer, Grade 2, of [[II Anzac Corps|II Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]] in France. This corps was later reformed as the [[XXII Corps (United Kingdom)|British XXII Corps]]. In 1918 he was appointed General Staff Officer, Grade 1 in the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=30882| date=3 September 1918| startpage=10484| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref>
From 1914 to 1918, Platt fought in France and Belgium during the [[First World War]]. Between 1915 and 1916, he was appointed brigade-major<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29073| date=16 February 1915| startpage=1676| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> of the [[103rd Infantry Brigade]] and was promoted brevet major in December 1916.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29886| date=29 December 1916| startpage=18| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> Between 1916 and 1917, Platt was a [[General Staff Officer]] Grade 2<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=29874| date=19 December 1916| startpage=12451| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> of the [[21st Division (United Kingdom)|21st Division]]. In 1917, he was made a General Staff Officer, Grade 2, of [[II Anzac Corps|II Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]] in France. This corps was later reformed as the [[XXII Corps (United Kingdom)|British XXII Corps]]. In 1918 he was appointed General Staff Officer Grade 1 in the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=30882| date=3 September 1918| startpage=10484| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref>


==Between the wars==
==Between the wars==
Platt was a General Staff Officer, Grade 1, of the [[37th Division (United Kingdom)|37th Division]] until 1920. In 1920 he once more became a brigade-major,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=31776| date=10 February 1920| startpage=1789| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> this time of 12 Infantry Brigade, 1st [[Eastern Command (United Kingdom)|Eastern Command]] and then until 1922 Galway Brigade, Irish Command, after which he returned to regimental duties.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32669| date=11 April 1922| startpage=3004| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> Platt's permanent rank was advanced to major in January 1924<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32912| date=26 February 1924| startpage=1722| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> simultaneous with the award of brevet lieutenant-colonel status.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32927| date=15 April 1924| startpage=3101| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> In March 1924 Platt once again received an appointment as brigade major,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32930| date=25 April 1924| startpage=3346| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> this time for two years in Egypt. In late 1927 Platt returned to the War Office in London, taking the post of Deputy Assistant Adjutant General on the [[Adjutant-General to the Forces|Adjutant-General's]] staff.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33342| date=30 December 1927| startpage=8370| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> His promotion to substantive lieutenant-colonel rank came in 1930 simultaneous with his transfer to the [[The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)|Wiltshire Regiment]] to command its 2nd Battalion.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33640| date=2 September 1930| startpage=5426| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> On completion of this tour of duty in January 1933 Platt was promoted full colonel<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33907| date=31 January 1933| startpage=671| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> and appointed as the General Staff Officer, Grade 1 of [[3rd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Division]], [[Bulford Camp|Bulford]].<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33907| date=31 January 1933| startpage=672| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> In October 1934 Platt was given command of [[7th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|7th Infantry Brigade]] in the rank of temporary brigadier.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=34099| date=26 October 1934| startpage=6788| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> From 1937<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=34414| date=2 July 1937| startpage=4249| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> to 1938, he was [[aide-de-camp]] to the King and in late 1938 Platt was promoted to major-general<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=34574| date=25 November 1938| startpage=7433| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> to take up the appointment as Commandant of the [[Sudan Defence Force]].<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=34574| date=25 November 1938| startpage=7434| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> In this role he carried the Arabic title of ''al-qa'id al-'amm'' ("the Leader of the Army") and was often referred to simply as "the Kaid".<ref>Richard Mead, p. 352</ref>
Platt was a General Staff Officer Grade 1 of the [[37th Division (United Kingdom)|37th Division]] until 1920. In 1920 he once more became a brigade-major,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=31776| date=10 February 1920| startpage=1789| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> this time of the 12th Infantry Brigade, 1st [[Eastern Command (United Kingdom)|Eastern Command]] and then until 1922 Galway Brigade, Irish Command, after which he returned to regimental duties.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32669| date=11 April 1922| startpage=3004| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> Platt's permanent rank was advanced to major in January 1924,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32912| date=26 February 1924| startpage=1722| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> simultaneous with the award of brevet lieutenant colonel status.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32927| date=15 April 1924| startpage=3101| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> In March 1924 Platt once again received an appointment as brigade major,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=32930| date=25 April 1924| startpage=3346| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> this time for two years in Egypt. In late 1927 Platt returned to the War Office in London, taking the post of Deputy Assistant Adjutant General on the [[Adjutant-General to the Forces|Adjutant-General's]] staff.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33342| date=30 December 1927| startpage=8370| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> His promotion to substantive lieutenant colonel rank came in 1930 simultaneous with his transfer to the [[The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)|Wiltshire Regiment]] to command its 2nd Battalion.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33640| date=2 September 1930| startpage=5426| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> On completion of this tour of duty in January 1933 Platt was promoted full colonel,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33907| date=31 January 1933| startpage=671| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> and appointed as the General Staff Officer Grade 1 of [[3rd Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|3rd Division]], [[Bulford Camp|Bulford]].<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=33907| date=31 January 1933| startpage=672| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> In October 1934 Platt was given command of [[7th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|7th Infantry Brigade]] in the rank of temporary brigadier.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=34099| date=26 October 1934| startpage=6788| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> From 1937<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=34414| date=2 July 1937| startpage=4249| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> to 1938, he was [[aide-de-camp]] to the [[George VI|King]] and in late 1938 Platt was promoted to major general<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=34574| date=25 November 1938| startpage=7433| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> to take up the appointment as Commandant of the [[Sudan Defence Force]].<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=34574| date=25 November 1938| startpage=7434| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> In this role he carried the Arabic title of ''al-qa'id al-'amm'' ("the Leader of the Army") and was often referred to simply as "the Kaid".<ref>Richard Mead, p. 352</ref> He was appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] in 1939.<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=34633| date=6 June 1939| startpage=3854| supp=y| accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref>


==Second World War==
==Second World War==
As a result of the threat from Italian forces in [[Italian East Africa]], Platt's modest forces in Sudan were reinforced in late 1940 and early 1941, primarily by the arrival of the [[Indian 4th Infantry Division]] and the [[Indian 5th Infantry Division]]. In recognition of his larger corps-sized command he was promoted acting lieutenant-general in January 1941.<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=35089| date=25 February 1941| startpage=1198| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> He commanded the forces invading Italian East Africa from [[Sudan]] during the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]]. After re-taking the abandoned Kassala railway junction in Sudan on 18 January 1941, Platt advanced into [[Eritrea]] and captured Agordat on 28 January. He next faced strong Italian resistance at Keren. From 3 March to 1 April, Platt's leadership played a large part in the successful outcome of the [[Battle of Keren]]. The Eritrean capital, Asmara, was taken by the [[Indian 5th Infantry Division]] on 1 April while Keren was still being mopped up by the [[Indian 4th Infantry Division]]. After the battle of Keren, Platt lost the Indian 4th Infantry Division which returned to Egypt. On 8 April, the port city of Massawa surrendered. The forces still under Platt then marched on [[Amba Alagi]].
As a result of the threat from Italian forces in [[Italian East Africa]], Platt's modest forces in Sudan were reinforced in late 1940 and early 1941, primarily by the arrival of the [[Indian 4th Infantry Division]] and the [[Indian 5th Infantry Division]]. In recognition of his larger corps-sized command he was promoted acting lieutenant general in January 1941.<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=35089| date=25 February 1941| startpage=1198| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> He commanded the forces invading Italian East Africa from Sudan during the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]]. After re-taking the abandoned Kassala railway junction in Sudan on 18 January 1941, Platt advanced into [[Eritrea]] and captured Agordat on 28 January. He next faced strong Italian resistance at Keren. From 3 March to 1 April, Platt's leadership played a large part in the successful outcome of the [[Battle of Keren]]. The Eritrean capital, Asmara, was taken by the [[Indian 5th Infantry Division]] on 1 April while Keren was still being mopped up by the [[Indian 4th Infantry Division]]. After the battle of Keren, Platt lost the Indian 4th Infantry Division which returned to Egypt. On 8 April, the port city of Massawa surrendered. The forces still under Platt then marched on [[Amba Alagi]].


Platt's forces, advancing from the Sudan, met the forces of Lieutenant-General [[Alan Cunningham]], advancing from Kenya, at Amba Alagi. A large Italian force under [[Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta|Amedeo, Duke of Aosta]], was dug in at Amba Alagi in what it considered impregnable positions. The [[Second Battle of Amba Alagi|Battle for Amba Alagi]] started on 3 May. On 18 May, the Duke of Aosta surrendered his embattled force and the campaign in East Africa was all but over.
Platt's forces, advancing from the Sudan, met the forces of Lieutenant General [[Alan Cunningham]], advancing from Kenya, at Amba Alagi. A large Italian force under [[Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta|Amedeo, Duke of Aosta]], was dug in at Amba Alagi in what it considered impregnable positions. The [[Second Battle of Amba Alagi|Battle for Amba Alagi]] started on 3 May. On 18 May, the Duke of Aosta surrendered his embattled force and the campaign in East Africa was all but over.


From 1941 to 1945, Platt was the General Officer and Commander-in-Chief of the [[East Africa Command]], which although no longer a theatre of war was an important source of manpower. Platt raised seventeen new battalions of the [[King's African Rifles]].<ref>Richard Mead, p. 355</ref> From 1942<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35629| date=10 July 1942| startpage=3086| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> to 1954, Platt was the honorary colonel of the [[Wiltshire Regiment]]. His lieutenant-general rank was made permanent in May 1941<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=35175| date=27 May 1941| startpage=3071| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> and he was promoted to general in January 1943.<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=36139| date=17 August 1943| startpage=3727| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> He retired from the army in April 1945.<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=37033| date=13 April 1945| startpage=2011| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref>
From 1941 to 1945, Platt was the General Officer Commandering-in-Chief of the [[East Africa Command]], which although no longer a theatre of war was an important source of manpower. Platt raised seventeen new battalions of the [[King's African Rifles]].<ref>Richard Mead, p. 355</ref> From 1942<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35629| date=10 July 1942| startpage=3086| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> to 1954, Platt was the honorary colonel of the [[Wiltshire Regiment]]. His lieutenant general rank was made permanent in May 1941<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=35175| date=27 May 1941| startpage=3071| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> and he was promoted to general in January 1943.<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=36139| date=17 August 1943| startpage=3727| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> He retired from the army in April 1945.<ref>{{Londongazette| issue=37033| date=13 April 1945| startpage=2011| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref>


==Honours and awards==
==Honours and awards==
In addition to his British honours, Platt also received the Egyptian [[Order of the Nile]] (1st Class) in 1942,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35739| date=9 October 1942| startpage=4397| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> the Grand Cross of the [[Star of Ethiopia]] in 1945,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=36961| date=27 February1945| startpage=1187| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> and the French [[Légion d'Honneur]] in 1945.
In addition to his British honours, Platt also received the Egyptian [[Order of the Nile]] (1st Class) in 1942,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=35739| date=9 October 1942| startpage=4397| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> the Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Star of Ethiopia]] in 1945,<ref>{{LondonGazette| issue=36961| date=27 February1945| startpage=1187| supp=y| accessdate=23 September 2015}}</ref> and the French [[Légion d'Honneur]] in 1945.


==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==

Revision as of 05:17, 25 March 2016

Sir William Platt
Nickname(s)"The Kaid"
Born(1885-06-14)14 June 1885
Brooklands, Cheshire, England
Died28 September 1975(1975-09-28) (aged 90)
London, England
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Years of service1905–1945
RankGeneral
Commands heldEast Africa Command (1941–45)
British Troops in Sudan (1938–41)
7th Infantry Brigade (1934–38)
2nd Battalion Wiltshire Regiment (1930–33)
Battles/warsNorth-West Frontier
First World War
Second World War
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire[1]
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath[2]
Distinguished Service Order
Mentioned in Despatches (6)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile (Egypt)
Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia
Commander of the Legion of Honour (France)
Other workColonel of The Wiltshire Regiment (1942–54)
Director, Messrs. Mather and Platt Ltd., Manchester (1946–57)

General Sir William Platt GBE, KCB, DSO (14 June 1885 – 28 September 1975) was an officer in the British Army, the Australian Army, and the New Zealand Army during the First and Second World Wars.

Early years

Platt was educated at Marlborough College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

On graduating from Sandhurst, Platt was commissioned into the Northumberland Fusiliers in August 1905.[3] From 1908 to 1914 he served on the North-West Frontier in India where he won the Distinguished Service Order and was mentioned in despatches for the first of six such citations.[4][5][6] Platt was promoted to lieutenant in June 1909[7] and captain in November 1914.[8]

First World War

From 1914 to 1918, Platt fought in France and Belgium during the First World War. Between 1915 and 1916, he was appointed brigade-major[9] of the 103rd Infantry Brigade and was promoted brevet major in December 1916.[10] Between 1916 and 1917, Platt was a General Staff Officer Grade 2[11] of the 21st Division. In 1917, he was made a General Staff Officer, Grade 2, of II Australian and New Zealand Army Corps in France. This corps was later reformed as the British XXII Corps. In 1918 he was appointed General Staff Officer Grade 1 in the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel.[12]

Between the wars

Platt was a General Staff Officer Grade 1 of the 37th Division until 1920. In 1920 he once more became a brigade-major,[13] this time of the 12th Infantry Brigade, 1st Eastern Command and then until 1922 Galway Brigade, Irish Command, after which he returned to regimental duties.[14] Platt's permanent rank was advanced to major in January 1924,[15] simultaneous with the award of brevet lieutenant colonel status.[16] In March 1924 Platt once again received an appointment as brigade major,[17] this time for two years in Egypt. In late 1927 Platt returned to the War Office in London, taking the post of Deputy Assistant Adjutant General on the Adjutant-General's staff.[18] His promotion to substantive lieutenant colonel rank came in 1930 simultaneous with his transfer to the Wiltshire Regiment to command its 2nd Battalion.[19] On completion of this tour of duty in January 1933 Platt was promoted full colonel,[20] and appointed as the General Staff Officer Grade 1 of 3rd Division, Bulford.[21] In October 1934 Platt was given command of 7th Infantry Brigade in the rank of temporary brigadier.[22] From 1937[23] to 1938, he was aide-de-camp to the King and in late 1938 Platt was promoted to major general[24] to take up the appointment as Commandant of the Sudan Defence Force.[25] In this role he carried the Arabic title of al-qa'id al-'amm ("the Leader of the Army") and was often referred to simply as "the Kaid".[26] He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1939.[27]

Second World War

As a result of the threat from Italian forces in Italian East Africa, Platt's modest forces in Sudan were reinforced in late 1940 and early 1941, primarily by the arrival of the Indian 4th Infantry Division and the Indian 5th Infantry Division. In recognition of his larger corps-sized command he was promoted acting lieutenant general in January 1941.[28] He commanded the forces invading Italian East Africa from Sudan during the East African Campaign. After re-taking the abandoned Kassala railway junction in Sudan on 18 January 1941, Platt advanced into Eritrea and captured Agordat on 28 January. He next faced strong Italian resistance at Keren. From 3 March to 1 April, Platt's leadership played a large part in the successful outcome of the Battle of Keren. The Eritrean capital, Asmara, was taken by the Indian 5th Infantry Division on 1 April while Keren was still being mopped up by the Indian 4th Infantry Division. After the battle of Keren, Platt lost the Indian 4th Infantry Division which returned to Egypt. On 8 April, the port city of Massawa surrendered. The forces still under Platt then marched on Amba Alagi.

Platt's forces, advancing from the Sudan, met the forces of Lieutenant General Alan Cunningham, advancing from Kenya, at Amba Alagi. A large Italian force under Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, was dug in at Amba Alagi in what it considered impregnable positions. The Battle for Amba Alagi started on 3 May. On 18 May, the Duke of Aosta surrendered his embattled force and the campaign in East Africa was all but over.

From 1941 to 1945, Platt was the General Officer Commandering-in-Chief of the East Africa Command, which although no longer a theatre of war was an important source of manpower. Platt raised seventeen new battalions of the King's African Rifles.[29] From 1942[30] to 1954, Platt was the honorary colonel of the Wiltshire Regiment. His lieutenant general rank was made permanent in May 1941[31] and he was promoted to general in January 1943.[32] He retired from the army in April 1945.[33]

Honours and awards

In addition to his British honours, Platt also received the Egyptian Order of the Nile (1st Class) in 1942,[34] the Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia in 1945,[35] and the French Légion d'Honneur in 1945.

Aftermath

After his retirement from the army Platt joined his family's business, Mather & Platt, where he served as a director until 1957.

Army career summary

  • Commissioned officer, Northumberland Fusiliers - 1905 to 1914
  • Captain, Northumberland Fusiliers - 1914 to 1915
  • Brigade-Major, 103rd Infantry Brigade - 1915 to 1916
  • General Staff Officer, Grade 2, of the 21st Division - 1916 to 1917
  • General Staff Officer, Grade 2, of the 2nd Australian and New Zealand Army Corps - 1917 to 1918
  • General Staff Officer, Grade 1, of the 37th Division - 1918 to 1920
  • Brigade-Major, 12 Infantry Brigade, 1st Eastern Command and Galway Brigade, Irish Command - 1920 to 1922
  • Commanding Officer, 2nd Battalion Wiltshire Regiment - 1930 to 1933
  • General Staff Officer 1, 3rd Division - 1933 to 1934
  • Commanding Officer 7th Brigade - 1934 to 1938
  • General Officer Commanding, British Troops in Sudan - 1938 to 1941
  • General Officer Commanding, Sudan Defence Force - 1938 to 1941
  • General Officer Commanding, Northern Front, Eritrea and Ethiopia - 1941
  • Commander in Chief, East Africa Command - 1941 to 1945

Notes

  1. ^ "No. 35841". The London Gazette. 29 December 1942.
  2. ^ "No. 38176". The London Gazette. 30 May 1942.
  3. ^ "No. 27827". The London Gazette. 15 August 1905.
  4. ^ "No. 28199". The London Gazette. 24 November 1908.
  5. ^ "No. 28168". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 August 1908.
  6. ^ "No. 35120". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 March 1941.
  7. ^ "No. 28288". The London Gazette. 14 September 1909.
  8. ^ "No. 28986". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 November 1914.
  9. ^ "No. 29073". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 February 1915.
  10. ^ "No. 29886". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1916.
  11. ^ "No. 29874". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 December 1916.
  12. ^ "No. 30882". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 September 1918.
  13. ^ "No. 31776". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 February 1920.
  14. ^ "No. 32669". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 April 1922.
  15. ^ "No. 32912". The London Gazette. 26 February 1924.
  16. ^ "No. 32927". The London Gazette. 15 April 1924.
  17. ^ "No. 32930". The London Gazette. 25 April 1924.
  18. ^ "No. 33342". The London Gazette. 30 December 1927.
  19. ^ "No. 33640". The London Gazette. 2 September 1930.
  20. ^ "No. 33907". The London Gazette. 31 January 1933.
  21. ^ "No. 33907". The London Gazette. 31 January 1933.
  22. ^ "No. 34099". The London Gazette. 26 October 1934.
  23. ^ "No. 34414". The London Gazette. 2 July 1937.
  24. ^ "No. 34574". The London Gazette. 25 November 1938.
  25. ^ "No. 34574". The London Gazette. 25 November 1938.
  26. ^ Richard Mead, p. 352
  27. ^ "No. 34633". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 June 1939.
  28. ^ "No. 35089". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 February 1941.
  29. ^ Richard Mead, p. 355
  30. ^ "No. 35629". The London Gazette. 10 July 1942.
  31. ^ "No. 35175". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 May 1941.
  32. ^ "No. 36139". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 August 1943.
  33. ^ "No. 37033". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 April 1945.
  34. ^ "No. 35739". The London Gazette. 9 October 1942.
  35. ^ "No. 36961". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February1945. {{cite magazine}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

References

External links

Military offices
Preceded by
Harry Wetherall
(As GOC East Africa Force)
 GOC East Africa Command
1941–1945 		Succeeded by

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