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'''Xenambulacraria''' is a proposed clade of [[animal]]s with [[symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry|bilateral symmetry]] as an embryo, consisting of the [[Xenacoelomorpha]] (i.e., ''[[Xenoturbella]]'' and [[acoelomorph]]s) and the [[Ambulacraria]] (i.e., [[echinoderm]]s and [[hemichordate]]s).<ref name="Bourlat2006">{{cite journal | last1=Bourlat | first1=Sarah J. | last2=Juliusdottir | first2=Thorhildur | last3=Lowe | first3=Christopher J. | last4=Freeman | first4=Robert | last5=Aronowicz | first5=Jochanan | last6=Kirschner | first6=Mark | last7=Lander | first7=Eric S. | last8=Thorndyke | first8=Michael | last9=Nakano | first9=Hiroaki | last10=Kohn | first10=Andrea B. | last11=Heyland | first11=Andreas | last12=Moroz | first12=Leonid L. | last13=Copley | first13=Richard R. | last14=Telford | first14=Maximilian J. | title=Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida | journal=Nature | volume=444 | issue=7115 | year=2006 | pages=85–88 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature05241 | pmid=17051155 | bibcode=2006Natur.444...85B}}</ref> |
'''Xenambulacraria''' is a proposed clade of [[animal]]s with [[symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry|bilateral symmetry]] as an embryo, consisting of the [[Xenacoelomorpha]] (i.e., ''[[Xenoturbella]]'' and [[acoelomorph]]s) and the [[Ambulacraria]] (i.e., [[echinoderm]]s and [[hemichordate]]s).<ref name="Bourlat2006">{{cite journal | last1=Bourlat | first1=Sarah J. | last2=Juliusdottir | first2=Thorhildur | last3=Lowe | first3=Christopher J. | last4=Freeman | first4=Robert | last5=Aronowicz | first5=Jochanan | last6=Kirschner | first6=Mark | last7=Lander | first7=Eric S. | last8=Thorndyke | first8=Michael | last9=Nakano | first9=Hiroaki | last10=Kohn | first10=Andrea B. | last11=Heyland | first11=Andreas | last12=Moroz | first12=Leonid L. | last13=Copley | first13=Richard R. | last14=Telford | first14=Maximilian J. | title=Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida | journal=Nature | volume=444 | issue=7115 | year=2006 | pages=85–88 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature05241 | pmid=17051155 | bibcode=2006Natur.444...85B| s2cid=4366885 }}</ref> |
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They can be sister to the [[Nephrozoa]] (sans Ambulacraria), the [[Protostome]]s and [[Chordate]]s. Xenambulacraria could also be sister to the Chordates<ref name="Bourlat2006"/><ref name="Philippe2019">{{cite journal | last1=Philippe | first1=Hervé | last2=Poustka | first2=Albert J. | last3=Chiodin | first3=Marta | last4=Hoff | first4=Katharina J. | last5=Dessimoz | first5=Christophe | last6=Tomiczek | first6=Bartlomiej | last7=Schiffer | first7=Philipp H. | last8=Müller | first8=Steven | last9=Domman | first9=Daryl | last10=Horn | first10=Matthias | last11=Kuhl | first11=Heiner | last12=Timmermann | first12=Bernd | last13=Satoh | first13=Noriyuki | last14=Hikosaka-Katayama | first14=Tomoe | last15=Nakano | first15=Hiroaki | last16=Rowe | first16=Matthew L. | last17=Elphick | first17=Maurice R. | last18=Thomas-Chollier | first18=Morgane | last19=Hankeln | first19=Thomas | last20=Mertes | first20=Florian | last21=Wallberg | first21=Andreas | last22=Rast | first22=Jonathan P. | last23=Copley | first23=Richard R. | last24=Martinez | first24=Pedro | last25=Telford | first25=Maximilian J. | title=Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria | journal=Current Biology | volume=29 | issue=11 | year=2019 | pages=1818–1826.e6 | issn=0960-9822 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009 | pmid=31104936 | hdl=21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1| hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marlétaz|first=Ferdinand|date=2019-06-17|title=Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians |
They can be sister to the [[Nephrozoa]] (sans Ambulacraria), the [[Protostome]]s and [[Chordate]]s. Xenambulacraria could also be sister to the Chordates<ref name="Bourlat2006"/><ref name="Philippe2019">{{cite journal | last1=Philippe | first1=Hervé | last2=Poustka | first2=Albert J. | last3=Chiodin | first3=Marta | last4=Hoff | first4=Katharina J. | last5=Dessimoz | first5=Christophe | last6=Tomiczek | first6=Bartlomiej | last7=Schiffer | first7=Philipp H. | last8=Müller | first8=Steven | last9=Domman | first9=Daryl | last10=Horn | first10=Matthias | last11=Kuhl | first11=Heiner | last12=Timmermann | first12=Bernd | last13=Satoh | first13=Noriyuki | last14=Hikosaka-Katayama | first14=Tomoe | last15=Nakano | first15=Hiroaki | last16=Rowe | first16=Matthew L. | last17=Elphick | first17=Maurice R. | last18=Thomas-Chollier | first18=Morgane | last19=Hankeln | first19=Thomas | last20=Mertes | first20=Florian | last21=Wallberg | first21=Andreas | last22=Rast | first22=Jonathan P. | last23=Copley | first23=Richard R. | last24=Martinez | first24=Pedro | last25=Telford | first25=Maximilian J. | title=Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria | journal=Current Biology | volume=29 | issue=11 | year=2019 | pages=1818–1826.e6 | issn=0960-9822 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009 | pmid=31104936 | hdl=21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1| s2cid=155104811 | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marlétaz|first=Ferdinand|date=2019-06-17|title=Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians|journal=Current Biology|language=English|volume=29|issue=12|pages=R577–R579|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006|issn=0960-9822|pmid=31211978|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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<gallery class="center" widths=300px heights=300px caption="Other members of the Xenambulacraria"> |
<gallery class="center" widths=300px heights=300px caption="Other members of the Xenambulacraria"> |
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Revision as of 00:21, 15 September 2021
| Xenambulacraria | |
|---|---|
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| A Xenoturbellida member, Xenoturbella japonica | |
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| An Ambulacraria member, the echinoderm Thromidia catalai | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Clade: | Bilateria |
| Clade: | Xenambulacraria Bourlat et al, 2006[1] |
| Clades | |
Xenambulacraria is a proposed clade of animals with bilateral symmetry as an embryo, consisting of the Xenacoelomorpha (i.e., Xenoturbella and acoelomorphs) and the Ambulacraria (i.e., echinoderms and hemichordates).[1]
They can be sister to the Nephrozoa (sans Ambulacraria), the Protostomes and Chordates. Xenambulacraria could also be sister to the Chordates[1][2][3]
- Other members of the Xenambulacraria
-
Various Acoelomorpha (nemertodermatids). -
Various Hemichordata (enteropneusts).
References
- ^ a b c Bourlat, Sarah J.; Juliusdottir, Thorhildur; Lowe, Christopher J.; Freeman, Robert; Aronowicz, Jochanan; Kirschner, Mark; Lander, Eric S.; Thorndyke, Michael; Nakano, Hiroaki; Kohn, Andrea B.; Heyland, Andreas; Moroz, Leonid L.; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2006). "Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida". Nature. 444 (7115): 85–88. Bibcode:2006Natur.444...85B. doi:10.1038/nature05241. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 17051155. S2CID 4366885.
- ^ Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; Müller, Steven; Domman, Daryl; Horn, Matthias; Kuhl, Heiner; Timmermann, Bernd; Satoh, Noriyuki; Hikosaka-Katayama, Tomoe; Nakano, Hiroaki; Rowe, Matthew L.; Elphick, Maurice R.; Thomas-Chollier, Morgane; Hankeln, Thomas; Mertes, Florian; Wallberg, Andreas; Rast, Jonathan P.; Copley, Richard R.; Martinez, Pedro; Telford, Maximilian J. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.
- ^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology. 29 (12): R577–R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.