Xenambulacraria: Difference between revisions
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'''Xenambulacraria''' is a proposed clade of [[animal]]s with [[symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry|bilateral symmetry]] as an embryo, consisting of the [[Xenacoelomorpha]] (i.e., ''[[Xenoturbella]]'' and [[acoelomorph]]s) and the [[Ambulacraria]] (i.e., [[echinoderm]]s and [[hemichordate]]s).<ref name="Bourlat2006">{{cite journal | last1=Bourlat | first1=Sarah J. | last2=Juliusdottir | first2=Thorhildur | last3=Lowe | first3=Christopher J. | last4=Freeman | first4=Robert | last5=Aronowicz | first5=Jochanan | last6=Kirschner | first6=Mark | last7=Lander | first7=Eric S. | last8=Thorndyke | first8=Michael | last9=Nakano | first9=Hiroaki | last10=Kohn | first10=Andrea B. | last11=Heyland | first11=Andreas | last12=Moroz | first12=Leonid L. | last13=Copley | first13=Richard R. | last14=Telford | first14=Maximilian J. | title=Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida | journal=Nature | volume=444 | issue=7115 | year=2006 | pages=85–88 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature05241 | pmid=17051155 | bibcode=2006Natur.444...85B| s2cid=4366885 }}</ref> |
'''Xenambulacraria''' is a proposed clade of [[animal]]s with [[symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry|bilateral symmetry]] as an embryo, consisting of the [[Xenacoelomorpha]] (i.e., ''[[Xenoturbella]]'' and [[acoelomorph]]s) and the [[Ambulacraria]] (i.e., [[echinoderm]]s and [[hemichordate]]s).<ref name="Bourlat2006">{{cite journal | last1=Bourlat | first1=Sarah J. | last2=Juliusdottir | first2=Thorhildur | last3=Lowe | first3=Christopher J. | last4=Freeman | first4=Robert | last5=Aronowicz | first5=Jochanan | last6=Kirschner | first6=Mark | last7=Lander | first7=Eric S. | last8=Thorndyke | first8=Michael | last9=Nakano | first9=Hiroaki | last10=Kohn | first10=Andrea B. | last11=Heyland | first11=Andreas | last12=Moroz | first12=Leonid L. | last13=Copley | first13=Richard R. | last14=Telford | first14=Maximilian J. | title=Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida | journal=Nature | volume=444 | issue=7115 | year=2006 | pages=85–88 | issn=0028-0836 | doi=10.1038/nature05241 | pmid=17051155 | bibcode=2006Natur.444...85B| s2cid=4366885 }}</ref> |
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If confirmed, the clade would either be the sister group to the [[chordate]]s ([[deuterostome]]s monophyletic) or the sister group to all the other bilaterians, grouped together in [[Centroneuralia]] (deuterostomes paraphyletic).<ref name="Bourlat2006"/><ref name="Philippe2019">{{cite journal | last1=Philippe | first1=Hervé | last2=Poustka | first2=Albert J. | last3=Chiodin | first3=Marta | last4=Hoff | first4=Katharina J. | last5=Dessimoz | first5=Christophe | last6=Tomiczek | first6=Bartlomiej | last7=Schiffer | first7=Philipp H. | last8=Müller | first8=Steven | last9=Domman | first9=Daryl | last10=Horn | first10=Matthias | last11=Kuhl | first11=Heiner | last12=Timmermann | first12=Bernd | last13=Satoh | first13=Noriyuki | last14=Hikosaka-Katayama | first14=Tomoe | last15=Nakano | first15=Hiroaki | last16=Rowe | first16=Matthew L. | last17=Elphick | first17=Maurice R. | last18=Thomas-Chollier | first18=Morgane | last19=Hankeln | first19=Thomas | last20=Mertes | first20=Florian | last21=Wallberg | first21=Andreas | last22=Rast | first22=Jonathan P. | last23=Copley | first23=Richard R. | last24=Martinez | first24=Pedro | last25=Telford | first25=Maximilian J. | title=Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria | journal=Current Biology | volume=29 | issue=11 | year=2019 | pages=1818–1826.e6 | issn=0960-9822 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009 | pmid=31104936 | hdl=21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1| s2cid=155104811 | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marlétaz|first=Ferdinand|date=2019-06-17|title=Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians|journal=Current Biology|language=English|volume=29|issue=12|pages=R577–R579|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006|issn=0960-9822|pmid=31211978|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kapli |first1=Paschalia |last2=Natsidis |first2=Paschalis |last3=Leite |first3=Daniel J. |last4=Fursman |first4=Maximilian |last5=Jeffrie |first5=Nadia |last6=Rahman |first6=Imran A. |last7=Philippe |first7=Hervé |last8=Copley |first8=Richard R. |last9=Telford |first9=Maximilian J. |date=2021-03-19 |title=Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=eabe2741 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe2741 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=7978419 |pmid=33741592|bibcode=2021SciA....7.2741K }}</ref> |
If confirmed, the clade would either be the sister group to the [[chordate]]s (if [[deuterostome]]s are [[monophyletic]]) or the sister group to all the other bilaterians, grouped together in [[Centroneuralia]] (with deuterostomes being [[paraphyletic]]).<ref name="Bourlat2006"/><ref name="Philippe2019">{{cite journal | last1=Philippe | first1=Hervé | last2=Poustka | first2=Albert J. | last3=Chiodin | first3=Marta | last4=Hoff | first4=Katharina J. | last5=Dessimoz | first5=Christophe | last6=Tomiczek | first6=Bartlomiej | last7=Schiffer | first7=Philipp H. | last8=Müller | first8=Steven | last9=Domman | first9=Daryl | last10=Horn | first10=Matthias | last11=Kuhl | first11=Heiner | last12=Timmermann | first12=Bernd | last13=Satoh | first13=Noriyuki | last14=Hikosaka-Katayama | first14=Tomoe | last15=Nakano | first15=Hiroaki | last16=Rowe | first16=Matthew L. | last17=Elphick | first17=Maurice R. | last18=Thomas-Chollier | first18=Morgane | last19=Hankeln | first19=Thomas | last20=Mertes | first20=Florian | last21=Wallberg | first21=Andreas | last22=Rast | first22=Jonathan P. | last23=Copley | first23=Richard R. | last24=Martinez | first24=Pedro | last25=Telford | first25=Maximilian J. | title=Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria | journal=Current Biology | volume=29 | issue=11 | year=2019 | pages=1818–1826.e6 | issn=0960-9822 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009 | pmid=31104936 | hdl=21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1| s2cid=155104811 | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marlétaz|first=Ferdinand|date=2019-06-17|title=Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians|journal=Current Biology|language=English|volume=29|issue=12|pages=R577–R579|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006|issn=0960-9822|pmid=31211978|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="telford">{{Cite journal |last1=Kapli |first1=Paschalia |last2=Natsidis |first2=Paschalis |last3=Leite |first3=Daniel J. |last4=Fursman |first4=Maximilian |last5=Jeffrie |first5=Nadia |last6=Rahman |first6=Imran A. |last7=Philippe |first7=Hervé |last8=Copley |first8=Richard R. |last9=Telford |first9=Maximilian J. |date=2021-03-19 |title=Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=eabe2741 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe2741 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=7978419 |pmid=33741592|bibcode=2021SciA....7.2741K }}</ref> |
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<gallery class="center" widths=300px heights=300px caption="Other members of the Xenambulacraria"> |
<gallery class="center" widths=300px heights=300px caption="Other members of the Xenambulacraria"> |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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== |
== Phylogeny == |
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The following phylogeny assumes a paraphyletic [[Deuterostomia]], with Xenambulacraria at the base of Bilateria:<ref name="telford" /> |
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{{clade|label1=[[Bilateria]]|1= |
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{{clade |
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|label1=[[Xenambulacraria]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|label1=[[Xenacoelomorpha]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=[[Xenoturbellida]] [[File:Xenoturbella japonica.jpg|60 px]] |
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|2=[[Acoelomorpha]] [[File:Proporus sp.png|60 px]] |
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}} |
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|label2=[[Ambulacraria]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[Echinodermata]] [[File:Portugal 20140812-DSC01434 (21371237591).jpg|60 px]] |
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|2=[[Hemichordata]] [[File:Hemichordata.jpg|60 px]] |
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}} |
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}} |
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|label2=[[Centroneuralia]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[Chordata]] [[File:Common carp (white background).jpg|60 px]] |
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|label2=[[Protostomia]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|3=†''[[Kimberella]]''[[File:Kimberella NT.jpg|60 px]] |
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|1=[[Ecdysozoa]] [[File:CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg|60 px]] |
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|2=[[Spiralia]] [[File:Grapevinesnail 01.jpg|60 px]] |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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Revision as of 19:16, 29 January 2023
| Xenambulacraria | |
|---|---|
| |
| A Xenoturbellida member, Xenoturbella japonica | |
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| An Ambulacraria member, the echinoderm Thromidia catalai | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Clade: | Bilateria |
| Clade: | Xenambulacraria Bourlat et al, 2006[1] |
| Clades | |
Xenambulacraria is a proposed clade of animals with bilateral symmetry as an embryo, consisting of the Xenacoelomorpha (i.e., Xenoturbella and acoelomorphs) and the Ambulacraria (i.e., echinoderms and hemichordates).[1]
If confirmed, the clade would either be the sister group to the chordates (if deuterostomes are monophyletic) or the sister group to all the other bilaterians, grouped together in Centroneuralia (with deuterostomes being paraphyletic).[1][2][3][4]
- Other members of the Xenambulacraria
-
Various Acoelomorpha (nemertodermatids). -
Various Hemichordata (enteropneusts).
Phylogeny
The following phylogeny assumes a paraphyletic Deuterostomia, with Xenambulacraria at the base of Bilateria:[4]
.jpg){kind=small}
.jpg){kind=small}
References
- ^ a b c Bourlat, Sarah J.; Juliusdottir, Thorhildur; Lowe, Christopher J.; Freeman, Robert; Aronowicz, Jochanan; Kirschner, Mark; Lander, Eric S.; Thorndyke, Michael; Nakano, Hiroaki; Kohn, Andrea B.; Heyland, Andreas; Moroz, Leonid L.; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2006). "Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum Xenoturbellida". Nature. 444 (7115): 85–88. Bibcode:2006Natur.444...85B. doi:10.1038/nature05241. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 17051155. S2CID 4366885.
- ^ Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; Müller, Steven; Domman, Daryl; Horn, Matthias; Kuhl, Heiner; Timmermann, Bernd; Satoh, Noriyuki; Hikosaka-Katayama, Tomoe; Nakano, Hiroaki; Rowe, Matthew L.; Elphick, Maurice R.; Thomas-Chollier, Morgane; Hankeln, Thomas; Mertes, Florian; Wallberg, Andreas; Rast, Jonathan P.; Copley, Richard R.; Martinez, Pedro; Telford, Maximilian J. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.
- ^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology. 29 (12): R577–R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.
- ^ a b Kapli, Paschalia; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J.; Fursman, Maximilian; Jeffrie, Nadia; Rahman, Imran A.; Philippe, Hervé; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2021-03-19). "Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria". Science Advances. 7 (12): eabe2741. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2741K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2741. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7978419. PMID 33741592.