Aegidia Church (Speyer)
The Aegidia Church in Speyer was a church built in the 12th century and consecrated to St. Aegidius ; first catholic, later reformed parish church, then the monastery church of the Capuchins .
history
Around 1140, Burchard, a canon at St. Guido Abbey in Speyer, had a church and hospital consecrated to St. Egidius built on his and his mother's property in the Speyer suburb . He donated this foundation to the Augustinian Canons of Hördt in 1148 after the death of his mother . The Speyer Bishop Günther von Henneberg witnessed the donation . It soon became one of the parish churches in Speyer, and the Hördt monastery occupied it with its own clergy or employed them there. In 1565 the provost from Hördt presented Jost Neblich from Speyer as the last Catholic priest.
In 1566, the reformed Palatinate Elector Friedrich III. Hördt Monastery came under his control and subsequently dissolved. In this context, after lengthy unsuccessful attempts, Pastor Neblich was forcibly expelled from the Speyer Church of St. Aegidius, which belonged to the monastery, and the first Protestant pastor Johann Willing was installed there in the spring of 1572. From then on, St. Aegidius served as the Reformed parish church.
When imperial troops under Archduke Leopold of Austria occupied Speyer during the Thirty Years War , the Aegidia Church was handed over to the Capuchins newly settled in the city on May 1, 1623. Since it was dilapidated, they wanted to build a new one, the foundation stone of which was laid in 1625. In 1628 it was completed in the form of a hall church according to plans by the friar Peter of Cologne. The Archduke contributed 10,000 guilders to the new building. By order of the bishop of Speyer, the new church was to continue the tradition of the old aegis and the main altar had to be consecrated again to this saint. At the same time, the necessary monastery buildings with a hospital were rebuilt on the old area. Especially the nobleman Wilhelm Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler († 1647) and his wife Barbara born. von Werdenau (Wernau) generously supported the construction of the church and convent and had donated 20,000 guilders for the monastery building alone; he chose the church as a burial place for himself and his family. Barbara Sturmfeder b. von Werdenau was a great-aunt of the later Würzburg prince-bishop Konrad Wilhelm von Wernau († 1684).
After the Peace of Westphalia (1648), the Electoral Palatinate had the Capuchin Order expelled from the church in 1650, even dragging a priest from the altar during mass. Again St. Aegidius became a reformed parish church. When the French ruled the area in the Palatinate War of Succession , they returned the monastery to the order in 1688. When the city burned down, on the orders of Louis XIV (1689), the Capuchin monastery and its church suffered damage, but remained largely undamaged. As early as 1694 religious were there again. At the beginning of 1766 the General Minister (Order General ) Paul von Colindres visited the Speyer monastery.
During the French occupation as part of the First Coalition War , the conventuals were supposed to take the oath on the civil constitution of the clergy in 1793 , which they refused and were therefore expelled from. They returned there in 1796. Through the Peace of Campo Formio (1797) Speyer fell as part of the German territories on the left bank of the Rhine , formally to the French Republic , which abolished the monastery in 1798 and declared the buildings to be state property. Politically, the city became part of the Département du Mont-Tonnerre , ecclesiastically from 1801 to the congruent, newly created Grand Diocese of Mainz . During this time, the Aegidia Church was elevated to the status of the main parish church in Speyer because the cathedral was in ruins and they wanted to tear it down. Bishop Joseph Ludwig Colmar prevented this through personal intervention with Emperor Napoleon , who in 1806 ordered the preservation of the cathedral and its conversion to the parish church, but in favor of its restoration ordered the sale of the aegis, the Jesuit and the Franciscan church . The Aegidia Church redeemed 1728 francs when it was sold in 1807, which went towards the renovation of the Speyer Cathedral . She was profaned ; In 1835 a tobacco store was set up in the former church; in 1886 the Kingdom of Bavaria acquired it and used the building as a storage room for the customs office . In 1979 it was converted into the Aegidienhaus , as the community center of the Catholic parish church of St. Joseph , which has been located south of it since 1914, on the former monastery grounds . The outer walls with a slightly drawn-in, elongated rectangular choir have been preserved from the 17th century.
The Reformed Parish of Speyer built the Heiliggeistkirche as a replacement from 1700 to 1702 .
literature
- Jakob Baumann : History of the St. Aegidien Church and the Capuchin Convent in the free imperial city of Speier , Speyer, 1918, Jägerscher Verlag
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herbert Dellwing : Kulturdenkmäler in Rheinland-Pfalz, Volume 1 Stadt Speyer, Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1992, p. 38.
- ↑ Archive for Middle Rhine Church History , Volume 46, 1994, p. 118; (Detail scan)
- ↑ Regest the will of Barbara Sturmfeder of Oppenweiler, 1661
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Biedermann : genealogical register of the Reichsfrey immediate knighthood of the Landes zu Franconia praiseworthy places Rhön and Werra , Bayreuth, 1749, tables CCCCXXX and CCCCXXXI, (digital scan )
- ↑ Jakob Baumann: History of the St. Aegidien Church and the Capuchin Convent in the free imperial city of Speier , Speyer, 1918, pp. 80–81
- ↑ Jakob Baumann: History of the St. Aegidien Church and the Capuchin Convent in the free imperial city of Speier , Speyer, 1918, pp. 95–99
- ↑ Evangelical Church of the Palatinate, Regional Church Council, Public Relations Department (Ed.) / Klaus Bümlein: Unterwegs in Speyer. A stroll through the Protestant city. , Number 3, St. Aegidien Church
Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 59.4 " N , 8 ° 25 ′ 46.3" E