α-catenin

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Catenin
Catenin
according to PDB  1H6G
other names
  • CTNNA1
  • Cadherin-Associated Protein
  • Renal Carcinoma Antigen NY-REN-13;
  • Alpha e-catenin;
  • Catenin alpha-1;
  • CAP102

Existing structural data : 1H6G , 4EHP , 4IGG

Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 906 amino acids, 100071 Da
Identifier
External IDs
Orthologue
human House mouse
Entrez 1495 12385
UniProt P35221 P26231
PubMed search 1495 12385

α-Catenin is a structural protein in cell contacts . It has always been suggested that α-catenin acts as a junction between β-catenin and the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton in adherent contacts , although such a protein complex has never been isolated. In fact, it has been found that α-catenin is never connected to the actin filaments and the E- cadherin- β-catenin complex at the same time, but rather forms a much more dynamic connection with both. This is related to the fact that α-catenin can be present both as a mono- and as a dimer , and that α-catenin monomer is more likely to bind to the E-cadherin-β-catenin complex and α-catenin dimer to the actin filaments.

In addition, α-catenin has a decisive influence on the structure of the actin filament. It probably does this by competing with the Arp 2/3 complex for bonds with the actin filament.

Clinical reference

α-Catenin was suspected to be involved in the metastasis of tumors , as a lower expression of α-catenin could reduce the adhesion of cells. A relationship between the frequency of metastases and the expression of α-catenin alone has now been disproved, but other relationships have emerged: α-catenin correlates negatively with the prostate cancer-specific antigen (PSA) and weakens the body's immune response to the tumor . In addition, a reduced expression of α-, β-, γ-catenin or E-cadherin could also change the expression of the three other proteins. A reduced expression of all four proteins in turn correlates with an increased risk of metastases.

literature

  • Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer : Biochemistry. 6 edition, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8274-1800-5 .
  • Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet: Biochemistry. 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York 2004, ISBN 0-471-19350-X .
  • Bruce Alberts , Alexander Johnson, Peter Walter, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts: Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th edition, Taylor & Francis 2007, ISBN 978-0-8153-4106-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ SL Maiden, J. Hardin: The secret life of -catenin: Moonlighting in morphogenesis. In: The Journal of Cell Biology. 195, 2011, p. 543, doi: 10.1083 / jcb.201103106 , PMID 22084304 , PMC 3257527 (free full text).
  2. ↑ Sabine Pokutta, Frauke Drees, Soichiro Yamada, W. James Nelson, William I. Weis: Biochemical and structural analysis of α-catenin in cell – cell contacts. In: Biochemical Society Transactions . 36, 2008, p. 141, doi: 10.1042 / BST0360141 , PMID 18363554 , PMC 3369830 (free full text).
  3. ↑ Geoffrey M. Cooper: Figure 11.14 - Attachment of actin filaments to adherens junctions . In: The Cell: A Molecular Approach . 2nd Edition. Sinauer Associates, 2000, ISBN 0-87893-219-4 .
  4. ↑ Soichiro Yamada, Sabine Pokutta, Frauke Drees, William I. Weis and W. James Nelson: Deconstructing the cadherin-catenin-actin complex . In: Cell . 123, No. 5, December 2005, pp. 889-901. doi : 10.1016 / j.cell.2005.09.020 . PMID 16325582 . PMC 3368712 (free full text).
  5. ↑ a b Frauke Drees, Sabine Pokutta, Soichiro Yamada, W. James Nelson and William I. Weis: α-Catenin Is a Molecular Switch that Binds E-Cadherin-β-Catenin and Regulates Actin-Filament Assembly . In: Cell . 123, No. 5, December 2005, pp. 903-915. doi : 10.1016 / j.cell.2005.09.021 . PMID 16325583 . PMC 3369825 (free full text).
  6. ↑ I. Raftopoulos, P. Davaris, G. Karatzas, P. Karayannacos, G. Kouraklis: Level of alpha-catenin expression in colorectal cancer correlates with invasiveness, metastatic potential, and survival . In: Journal of Surgical Oncology . 68, No. 2, June 1998, pp. 92-99. PMID 9624037 .
  7. ↑ T. Jiang, H. Jiang, XM Su, L. Zheng, QL Li, ZW Zhang and XC Li: Expressions of E-cadherin and alpha-catenin in benign, malignant and metastatic prostate tumors . In: Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue (National Journal of Andrology) . 18, No. 6, June 2012, pp. 499-503. PMID 22774602 .
  8. ↑ IK Bukholm, JM Nesland, R. Kåresen, U. Jacobsen and AL Børresen-Dale: E-cadherin and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenin protein expression in relation to metastasis in human breast carcinoma . In: The Journal of Pathology . 185, No. 3, July 1998, pp. 262-266. PMID 9771479 .