"Strike hard" campaign

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The anti-crime campaign, "Strike hard!" ( Chinese 嚴厲 打擊 刑事犯罪 活動 / 严厉 打击 刑事犯罪 活动 ) was a massive crime- fighting campaign that began in September 1983 and was supported by Deng Xiaoping, who was China's " Supreme Leader " at the time was. The campaign lasted three years and five months and was initiated because of the nationwide deterioration in public security after the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) under Mao Zedong .

After the Cultural Revolution, crime rates - including property crimes - rose sharply in China , also according to the Chinese government. According to the Chinese Ministry of Public Security , there were over 750,000 crimes and 50,000 "serious cases" nationwide in 1980, 890,000 and 67,000 in 1981, and 740,000 and 64,000 in 1982.

The "Strike Hard!" Campaign was launched in the early stages of "legal reconstruction" in China, when the legal system was almost destroyed in the Cultural Revolution. The Criminal Law of China came into force in 1980 and the new Constitution of China was adopted 1,982th

During the “Three Battles” of the “Strike Hard!” Campaign, approximately 197,000 so-called “criminal groups” were put down, 1.772 million people were arrested and 1.747 million people were punished by law, and 24,000 were sentenced to death . The campaign had an immediate positive impact on public safety. A number of those arrested under kin detention (some even given the death penalty) were children or relatives of government officials at various levels, including Zhu De's grandson , demonstrating the principle that " everyone is equal before the law ".

However, there has also been controversy over whether some of the legal penalties were too harsh and whether in many cases the legal processes were complete and rigorous. In addition, the long-term impact of the "Strike Hard!" Campaign on improving public safety is largely controversial.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Johnny Erling: Death penalty: In 2013, China executed 2,400 convicts . In: THE WORLD . October 21, 2014 ( welt.de [accessed August 8, 2020]).
  2. ^ A b c People's Daily Online - China rejects "strike hard" anti-crime policy for more balanced approach. In: Renmin Ribao . March 14, 2007, accessed June 21, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b c Susan Trevaskes: Courts on the Campaign Path in China: Criminal Court Work in the "Yanda 2001" Anti-Crime Campaign . In: Asian Survey . 42, No. 5, 2002, ISSN  0004-4687 , pp. 673-693. doi : 10.1525 / as.2002.42.5.673 .
  4. ^ A b c Murray Scot Tanner: State Coercion and the Balance of Awe: The 1983-1986 "Stern Blows" Anti-Crime Campaign . In: The China Journal . No. 44, 2000, ISSN  1324-9347 , pp. 93-125. doi : 10.2307 / 2667478 .
  5. ↑ a b Strike Hard !: Anti-Crime Campaigns and Chinese Criminal Justice, 1979-1985 | East Asia Program. In: Cornell University . Retrieved June 21, 2020 .
  6. ↑ 邓小平 1983 年 因何 痛 下决心 要 全国 “严打”？ In: Renmin Ribao . Retrieved June 21, 2020 (Chinese).
  7. ↑ a b c Detentions, torture, executions: how China dealt with mafia in the past. In: South China Morning Post . January 26, 2018, accessed June 21, 2020 .
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h Tao Ying: 1983 年 “严打” ： 非常 时期 的 非常 手段. In: Renmin Ribao . Retrieved June 21, 2020 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g “严打” 政策 的 前世 今生. In: criminallaw.com.cn. July 1, 2010, accessed June 21, 2020 (Chinese).
  10. ↑ “严打” 在 1983. In: Phoenix New Media (凤凰网). Retrieved August 8, 2020 (Chinese).
  11. ^ China's Legal Encounter with the West. Retrieved August 8, 2020 (American English).
  12. ^ Daniel Leese, Puck Engman: Victims, Perpetrators, and the Role of Law in Maoist China: A Case-Study Approach . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2018, ISBN 978-3-11-053365-1 ( here in the Google book search [accessed on August 8, 2020]).
  13. ^ Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved August 8, 2020 .
  14. ↑ CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. In: The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved August 8, 2020 .
  15. ↑ a b c d Cui Min: 反思 八十 年代 “严打”. In: Yanhuang Chunqiu . Retrieved June 21, 2020 (Chinese).