9/35 inch M1877 cannon

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9/35 inch M1877 cannon
General Information
Military designation: 9 "/ 35 пушка обр.1877 г.
Manufacturer country: Russian Empire 1914Russian Empire Russia
Developer / Manufacturer: Obukhov works
Development year: 1884
Production time: 1884 to 1889
Number of pieces: 12
Weapon Category: cannon
Technical specifications
Pipe length: 8.015 m
Caliber :

229 mm

Number of trains : 52
Elevation range: -5 to +15 degrees
Side straightening area: 360
Furnishing
Closure Type : Screw lock
Charging principle: Grenade and propellant bag

The 9/35 inch M1877 cannon (Russian: 9 "/ 35 пушка обр.1877 г.) was a naval gun of the Imperial Russian Navy .

history

In 1883, Musselius had proposed the development of a longer 9-inch cannon that would weigh about 18,500 kg and fire shells with a projectile weight of 48 kg. The 9-inch cannon M1867 had meanwhile been overtaken by technical progress and no longer met the increased requirements. The 9-inch cannon M1877 with a length of 22 calibers was developed as a conversion from the 9-inch cannon M1867, while the 9/30-inch cannon M1877 with a length of 30 calibers was a new design, which was only built in very small numbers . However, both types were still based on the original Krupp design and ultimately could not fully convince.

At the beginning of the 1880s, gas-tight closures were also available for large-caliber guns. Two design principles were in competition: On the one hand, the prismatic wedge lock, developed and used mainly by Krupp, in which a wedge was inserted into the pipe transversely to the longitudinal axis, and the screw lock, which is preferred primarily by French designers, in which a threaded piston is inserted from the rear the tube has been inserted and locked by turning. After Baranowski had used a screw lock for a small-caliber gun in his rapid-fire cannon in 1874, the Russian designers went away from Krupp's wedge lock for the first time with a large caliber for the 9/35 inch cannon M1877 and inserted the screw lock . This design principle was to become decisive for almost all Russian and Soviet artillery weapons for the next one hundred and twenty years.

From 1884 to 1889, the Obuchow factories produced a total of 12 cannons. The battleships of the Imperator Alexander II class were equipped with this. The Imperator Alexander II (Император Александр II), the Imperator Nikolai I (Император Николай I) and the Gangut (Гангут) each received four of the guns as medium artillery.

construction

The length of the tube was 8015 mm, which corresponds to 35 calibers. The tube had 52 puffs with a depth of 1.52 mm. The weight of the weapon with breech was 22097 kg, the breech alone weighed 573 kg.

Several different projectile types were developed for the cannon, a basic distinction was made between light and heavy grenades. Light grenades were either sheathed in cast iron, chilled iron, or steel. Their weight was 126 to 127 kg, the length 2.7 to 2.8 calibers. They were filled with black powder, the weight of the cargo was 5.6 to 6 kg. Heavy grenades had a steel jacket and a weight of 188.4 kg.

Initially, black powder was used as a propellant for the light grenades. The weight of the propellant charge was between 72 and 74 kg. These propellant charges were later replaced by propellant charges made from smokeless powder. The ballistic characteristics did not change as a result. With a propellant weight of 72 kg, the muzzle velocity was 653 m / s and the range was 9445 with a barrel elevation of + 15.3 °. With a propellant weight of 74.2 kg the muzzle velocity increased to 709 m / s, with a barrel elevation of + 18 ° it was then possible to shoot 10980 m.

A propellant charge weighing 69.6 kg was used for the heavy grenades. The muzzle velocity was thus 569 m / s. Compared to the light grenades, the propellant charge was reduced so that the return of the barrel with a larger projectile weight remained within the limits that can be controlled by the mount.

On the Imperator Alexander II and the Imperator Nikolai I the cannons were set up in the Dubrow center pivot mount system. The project for the carriage was confirmed in 1887 and the Obuchow factory took over the production. In principle, it is a carriage with a Vavasseur slide . The recoil was dampened by the friction of the carriage on the slide and the incline of the slide of 9 °. As with Vavasseur's construction, a hydraulic shock absorber was used here, which additionally braked the returning pipe. The elevation range was between −5 ° and + 15 °, the lateral range was theoretically unlimited. On both ships, however, the cannons were built into casemates. In practice, the gun ports only allowed a side straightening range of 110 °. The gun ran back a maximum of 914 mm. The weight of the carriage construction without the weapon was 9173 kg.

On the Gangut , the cannons were set up in the Krell central pivot mounts. The main difference to the Dubrow carriage system was that the platform was not inclined and the recoil of the weapon was absorbed by coil springs. In 1889 four carriages were ordered for the Gangut , which were tested in a sharp shot at the end of 1891 and were scaffolded on the ship in 1892.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ theoretically, with installation 110

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