Sail flap

As sailing flap ( valvae atrioventriculares ), those heart valve designated by the sail-like tip ( Cuspides are marked). Atrioventricular valves are found at the heart of mammals both sides between the atrium ( atrium ) and the ventricle ( ventricle ) and are therefore also atrioventricular or AV valves called. The leaflet valve on the right side of the heart consists of three leaflets in mammals and is therefore called the tricuspid valve . The leaflet valve on the left side of the heart has only two leaflets in mammals and is therefore a bicuspid valvecalled. The cusps are attached at their base to the cardiac skeleton and at their free edge via chordae tendineae via the papillary muscles .

Histologically , leaflet valves consist of four layers. The atrial layer ( lamina atrialis ) facing the atrium consists of a layer of endothelial cells derived from the endocardium . They are underlain by a thin layer of connective tissue fibers and smooth muscle cells . Under the atrium lies the sponge layer ( lamina spongiosa ) made of loose connective tissue with collagen fibers , fibroblasts , elastic fibers and Anitschkow cells, which are embedded in a basic substance made of proteoglycans . The connective tissue layer ( lamina fibrosa ) consists of dense connective tissue and continues at the valve base into the anuli fibrosi of the heart skeleton , at the free edges into the own layer of the tendon threads . The ventricular layer facing the heart chamber ( lamina ventricularis ), like the atrialis, consists of endothelial cells and connective tissue, but no smooth muscle cells are embedded here.

Individual evidence

↑ Uwe Gille: Cardiovascular and immune system, Angiologia. In: Franz-Viktor Salomon, Hans Geyer, Uwe Gille (Ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1 , pp. 404-463.
↑ David Sisson, Clarence Kvart, Peter GG Darke: Acquired valvular heart disease in dogs and cats. In: Philip R. Fox, David Sisson, N. Sydney Moïse (Eds.): Textbook of canine and feline cardiology. Principles and Clinical Practice. 2nd edition. Saunders, Philadelphia PA et al. 1999, ISBN 0-7216-4044-3 , pp. 536-565.

[1] Uwe Gille: Cardiovascular and immune system, Angiologia. In: Franz-Viktor Salomon, Hans Geyer, Uwe Gille (Ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Enke, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1 , pp. 404-463.

[2] David Sisson, Clarence Kvart, Peter GG Darke: Acquired valvular heart disease in dogs and cats. In: Philip R. Fox, David Sisson, N. Sydney Moïse (Eds.): Textbook of canine and feline cardiology. Principles and Clinical Practice. 2nd edition. Saunders, Philadelphia PA et al. 1999, ISBN 0-7216-4044-3 , pp. 536-565.