Abū Saʿīd-i Abū l-Chair
.jpg)
Abū Saʿīd-i Abū l-Chair ( Persian ابو سعيد ابو الخير, DMG Abū Saʿīd-i Abū l-Ḫair born. December 7 967 in Mayhana , Khorasan ; † January 12, 1049 ) was an important Persian Sufi ( Islamic mystic ). He was instrumental in the development of the Sufi tradition.
Life
Abu Sa'id's father was a doctor who practiced herbal medicine, studied mysticism and Sufism.
First he dealt with Islamic teaching and Arabic literature . However, at the age of 23, Sufism took over the main role in his life. He was one of the first Sufi authors to use simple love poems to explain mysticism. This made him one of the first representatives of Persian Sufi poetry . His fame spread throughout the Islamic world during his lifetime. However, it is now believed that many of the poems that are ascribed to him were not written by him at all. It is believed that these erroneous attributions stem from his love for poetry, which he himself quoted in his daily prayers. Even his last words are said to have been a poem and instead of verses from the Koran , a poem is said to have been recited at his funeral.
Abu Sa'id was a student of the well-known Sufi al-Sulami (936-1021) and is considered the first representative of Sufism who established a kind of monastic rule for his students. It is reported that he practiced extremely ascetic exercises for seven years and devoted himself entirely to the word of Allah .
He was first admired and valued by the population for his way of life. Above all, he cultivated self-humiliation in the service of his confreres and also showed great zeal in the ritual ablutions . Later it was rejected by the scholars and religious scholars of his time, mainly because of its direct character and indulging in the dhikr . This even led to a series of assassinations against Abu Sa'id, all of which were unsuccessful.
Tradition has it that he attained enlightenment at the age of 40 . From that moment on he gave up the earlier ascetic way of life. From now on he used the financial support he received from devout Muslims to entertain his brothers and friends.
The place Mayhana was one of the most important cities of Khorasan at that time, but today only the tomb of Abu Sa'id and the building in which it is located remain of it. He spent most of his life in the Persian city of Nishapur , which was then considered one of the largest cities in the world.
Most of the information about him and his life comes from the book Asrar al-Tawhid fi Maghamat ( Arabic : اسرار التوحید فی مقامات ابو سعید), written by one of his grandsons, Mohammad Ibn Monavvar , about 130 years after his death. The book tells is a collection of anecdotes about his life and contains a collection of his texts. It is one of the most important works of early Sufism.
The Meane Baba Mausoleum was built in the 11th century as the burial place of Abu Sa'id and is still an important pilgrimage site today.
literature
- Fritz Meier : Abū Saʿīd-i Abū l-Ḫair: 357-440 / 967-1049; Reality and legend . Brill, Leiden, 1976.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Annemarie Schimmel : Mystical Dimensions of Islam. The history of Sufism. License issue. Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1995, ISBN 3-458-33415-7 ( Insel-Taschenbuch 1715), p. 343.
- ↑ Mojdeh Bayat, Mohammad Ali Jamnia: Stories from the land of Sufis. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-596-13966-X ( Fischer - Spirit 13966), p. 36.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Abū Saʿīd-i Abū l-Chair |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | eminent Persian Sufi (Islamic mystic) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 7 December 967 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mayhana , Khorasan |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 12, 1049 |
| Place of death | Mayhana , Khorasan |