Abrothallus

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Abrothallus
Abrothallus welwitschii on the lichen Sticta limbata

Abrothallus welwitschii on the lichen Sticta limbata

Systematics
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Dothideomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Abrothallales
Family : Abrothallaceae
Genre : Abrothallus
Scientific name of the  order
Abrothallales
Pérez-Ortega & Suija
Scientific name of the  family
Abrothallaceae
Pérez-Ortega & Suija
Scientific name of the  genus
Abrothallus
De Not.

Abrothallus is the only genus of the only family Abrothallaceae of the hose mushrooms , which alone form the order Abrothallales .

features

Spores of Abrothallus parmeliarum

Abrothallus species live with their mycelium sunk in the host thallus . somatic hyphae may or may not be colored purple ( amyloid ) with iodine . The fruit bodies are apothecia-shaped , protruding from the host cortex . They are seated or partially sunken, spherical to flattened, often with a greenish or yellowish bark structure, the pruina. The excipulum is reduced and consists of short dichotomously branched hyphae. The top layer of the apothecium ( epihymenium ) is brown or red-grained. The grains usually dissolve in potassium. The hypothecium , the tissue just below the fruit layer, is light to dark brown in color and consists of elongated cells covered with a brown pigment. The hemathecium (the tissue between the tubes ) consists of thick-walled, unequally dichotomously branched and anastomosed , and septate hyphae (possibly pseudo paraphyses ), sometimes slightly swollen at the vertex. The gel of the fruit layer does not stain with iodine. The hoses are bitunikat functionally fissitunikat (i.e., the hose runs telescopically off), wide or narrow keulig, inamyloid and contain four to eight spores . In some species these break apart in partial spores while still inside the tube. The spores are initially translucent , later brown, often warty, with one, two or three septa and asymmetrical in shape. The secondary fruit form is common, of the Vouauxiomyces type, with pycnidia , black, sunk in the host hall or half sunk with a small opening ( ostiolum ). The wall of the pycnidia consists of a textura angularis , i.e. a parenchymal- like tissue made of thick-walled isodiametric cells. There are no conidia carriers . The conidia-forming cells spread continuously and prove the cavity of the pycnidia. They are ampoule to bottle-shaped and have smooth walls. The conidia are holoblastic, club-shaped to pear-shaped, translucent, smooth or very slightly prickly, they lie in a mucus.

Way of life

Abrothallus parmeliarum on Parmelia saxatilis

Abrothallus species live parasitically on lichens . The most varied representatives of the shrub and leaf lichens come into question as hosts, especially from the families Parmeliaceae and Lobariaceae , but also from species of the families Nephromataceae , Stereocaulaceae , Cladoniaceae , Ramalinaceae and Pannariaceae . The genus is cosmopolitan, representatives of the genus have been found on all continents except Antarctica.

Systematics and taxonomy

The genus Abrothallus was described by Giuseppe De Notaris as early as 1845 . For a long time the taxonomic position was uncertain and as recently as 2010 the genus was only known as incertae sedis within the ashlar. In 2014, Sergio Pérez-Ortega and Ave Suija described the monotypical order Abrothallales with the only family Abrothallaceae and their only genus Abrothallus . They form an order with an uncertain position within the Dothideomycetes .

At the moment (as of May 2018) the following species belong to the genus:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Ave Suija, Ana Crespo, Asunción de los Ríos: Lichenicolous fungi of the genus Abrothallus (Dothideomycetes: Abrothallales ordo nov.) Are sister to the predominantly aquatic Janhulales . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 64 , 2014, p. 295-304 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0269-y .
  2. ↑ Abrothallales . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed May 4, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, ​​Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .
  4. ↑ Abrothallus . In: IndexFungorum . IndexFungorum, accessed May 4, 2018 .

Web links

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