Acronictinae

Acronictinae
Dock-bark owl ( Acronicta rumicis )
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera) Subordination : Glossata Superfamily : Noctuoidea Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae) Subfamily : Acronictinae
Scientific name
Acronictinae
Ochsenheimer , 1816

The Acronictinae are a subfamily of butterflies from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae). It currently includes over 400 species that are distributed almost worldwide in all climates and botanical zones.

features

The moths are small to medium-sized and robustly built. The forewings are mostly gray in the basic color. A tornal line is usually very distinct. The veining of the hind wings is trifin, but with a tapering M2 or a very clearly developed M2.

The antennae are usually filiform in both sexes, and occasionally ciliate in males. The eyes are smooth with no lashes. The legs have no thorns on the tibia. The bullae of the tympanic organ are laterally fused over the entire length. In addition, there are some characteristic features in the male and female genital apparatus.

The caterpillars are usually brightly colored, they are often provided with tufts of hair-like bristles. The segment 7 is usually narrowed and lighter colored in the egg caterpillars. The cremaster is filled with numerous bristles of the same length and shape.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The representatives of the Acronictinae are spread worldwide and occur in almost all climatic zones (including the Arctic ) and almost all biogeographical regions.

Way of life

The caterpillars feed on plants of most plant families. Overall, however, trees and bushes seem to be preferred.

Systematics

The subfamily currently contains over 400 species. Five genera with around 22 species also occur in Europe. Fibiger et al. (2009) limit the subfamily to the genus Acronicta and closely related genera. The following compilation is based on the database "Butterflies and Moths of the World - Generic Names and their Type-species" of the Natural History Museum London. Many of the genera listed are little known

Acronicta Ochsenheimer 1816 (with the subgenera Acronicta (Acronicta) Ochsenheimer 1816, Acronicta (Jocheaera) Hübner, 1820 Acronicta (Triaena) Hübner, 1818 Acronicta (Hyboma) Hübner, 1820 Acronicta (Viminia) Chapman, 1890, Acronicta (Subacronicta ) Kozhanchikov, 1950) Maple bark owl ( Acronicta aceris ) Alder-bark owl ( Acronicta alni ) Golden-haired bark owl ( Acronicta auricoma ) Sand heather bark owl ( Acronicta cinerea ) Alder Arrow Owl ( Acronicta cuspis ) Spurge Owl ( Acronicta euphorbiae ) Woolly bark owl ( Acronicta leporina ) Great-headed bark owl ( Acronicta megacephala ) Heath bark owl ( Acronicta menyanthidis ) Arrow owl ( Arconicta psi ) Dock-bark owl ( Acronicta rumicis ) Welted bark owl ( Acronicta strigosa ) Trident arrows owl ( Acronicta tridens ) Agrotisia Hampson, 1908 Agriopodes Hampson, 1908 Akoniodes Matsumura, 1929 Aleptina Dyar, 1902 Aleptinoides Barnes & McDunnough, 1912 Alika Beach, 1920 Alpesa Walker, 1858 Amefrontia Hampson, 1899 Amiana Dyar, 1904 Amolita Grote in Boisduval & Guenée, 1874 Amphia Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1852 Amphidrina Staudinger, 1891 Amphilita Hampson, 1908 Amphipoea Billberg, 1820 Anamecia Boursin, 1958 Anathetis Janse, 1938 Ancara Walker, 1858 Andobana Viette, 1965 Androlymnia Hampson, 1908 Andropolia Grote, 1895 Anedhella Viette, 1965 Anereuthinula Beach, 1920 Annaphila Grote, 1873 Anorthodes Smith, 1891 Antachara Walker, 1858 Antha Staudinger, 1892 Anthracia Huebner, 1823 Anycteola Barnes & Benjamin, 1929 Apaustis Huebner, 1823 Apocalymnia Hampson, 1908 Apsaranycta Hampson, 1914 Apsarasa Moore, 1867 Araea Hampson, 1908 Arboricornus Hampson, 1894 Archanara Walker, 1866 Arcilasisa Walker, 1865 Arctomyscis Huebner, 1820 Arenostola Hampson, 1908 Argyrhoda Hampson, 1908 Argyrospila Herrich-Schäffer, 1851

Argyrosticta Huebner, 1821 Ariathisa Walker, 1865 Aseptis McDunnough, 1937 Athetis Huebner, 1821 Atrachea Warren, 1911 Atrephes Jones, 1908 Atypha Huebner, 1821 Aucha Walker, 1858 Auchecranon Berio, 1979 Auchmis Huebner, 1821 Austrazenia Warren, 1913 Axenus Grote, 1873 Azenia Grote, 1882 Bistica Dyar, 1912 Bryophilina Staudinger, 1892 Calymniodes Dognin, 1907 Chalcoecia Hampson, 1908 Chytonidia Schaus, 1914 Comachara Franclemont, 1939 Conicophoria Matsumura, 1929 Craniophora Snellen, 1867 Privet bark owl ( Craniophora ligustri ) Craniophora pontica (Staudinger, 1879) Diphtherocome Warren, 1907 Eogena Guenee. 1852 Eogena contaminei (Eversmann. 1847) Eremobina McDunnough, 1937 Gerbathodes Warren, 1911 Gryphadena Kuznetzov, 1908 Harrismemna Grote, 1873 Hylonycta Sugi, 1979 Libyphaenis Hampson, 1918 Licha Walker, 1859 Lophonycta Sugi, 1970 Lucasidia Boursin, 1936 Madeuplexia Viette, 1960 Merolonche Grote, 1882 Molybdonycta Sugi, 1979 Moma Huebner, 1820 Celadon Owl ( Moma alpium ) Nacna Fletcher, 1961 Narcotica Sugi, 1982 Oxicesta Huebner, 1819 Oxicesta geographica (Fabricius, 1787) Oxicesta chamoenices (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) Oxicesta serratae Zerny, 1927 Polygrams Huebner, 1818 Simyra Ochsenheimer, 1816 Simyra nervosa (oblique-winged welted owl) Simyra albovenosa (Goeze, 1781) Simyra dentinosa Freyer, 1838 Subleuconycta Kozhanchikov, 1950 Thalatha Walker, 1862 Thalathoides Holloway, 1989 Uniramodes Berio, 1976

swell

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Butterflies and Moths of the World - Generic Names and their Type-species - Acronictinae
2. ↑ David L. Wagner, Eric W. Hossler and Fred E. Hossler: Not a Tiger but a Dagger: The Larva of Comachara cadburyi and Reassignment of the Genus to Acronictinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. At the. 99 (4): 638-647, 2006

literature

• Michael Fibiger, László Ronkay, Axel Steiner & Alberto Zilli: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 11 Pantheinae, Dilobinae, Acronictinae, Eustrotiinae, Nolinae, Bagisarinae, Acontiinae, Metoponiinae, Heliothinae and Bryophilinae. 504 pp., Entomological Press, Sorø 2009 ISBN 978-87-89430-14-0

Web links

Commons : Acronictinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Fauna Europaea