Dock bark owl

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Dock bark owl
Dock-bark owl (Acronicta rumicis)

Dock-bark owl ( Acronicta rumicis )

Systematics
Superfamily : Noctuoidea
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Acronictinae
Genre : Acronicta
Subgenus : Viminia
Type : Dock bark owl
Scientific name
Acronicta (Viminia) rumicis
( Linnaeus , 1758)
Young dock bark owl caterpillar
Adult caterpillar, lateral
Adult caterpillar, dorsal
Doll of the dock bark owl

The dock-bark owl ( Acronicta rumicis ), also called the dock-owl, is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterfly (Noctuidae).

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 34 to 40 millimeters. The basic color of the forewings is dark brown-gray, often with an olive tint. The root line is more like patches, as is the tornal line; In addition, a short line is formed in the middle field along A1. Often there is a white point anterior to the tornal line. The inner and outer transverse line is black and double drawn and jagged. The outer transverse line is strongly angled between the tornal line and the rear edge and jumps back inwards. The middle shadow is narrow or blurred in most of the specimens. The hemline is only indicated by a series of very small dots. The ring flaw is round and, like the kidney flaw, has a black border. The ring flaw often shows a tiny black point in the center of the flaw. The fringes are gray with narrow internural lines. The hind wings are brown-gray with a broad, subapical, brown band. The fringes are light brown. The underside of the forewings are dark brown-gray, the underside of the hind wings light brown-gray, both with wide black bands and a discal spot. There are also black-gray or completely black, melanistic individuals. The head and thorax are colored dark brown-gray.

The egg is flattened-cone-shaped with a blunt tip. It is yellowish at first and later turns carmine red with white spots that flow into one another. The surface has weak and irregular longitudinal ribs.

The caterpillars are up to 38 mm long. They have a red or gray-brown basic color and have gray or brown tufts of hair all over their bodies. Red spots run along the back, flanked by white spots on both sides. At the level of the spiracles runs a whitish-yellow, broad longitudinal line interrupted by red areas.

The dark brown to black-brown pupa , in which three abdominal segments are colored light brown, has two blunt tips on the head. The cremaster is relatively short and has straight bristles.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The dock bark owl occurs in almost all of Europe. It is only missing in some areas of northwest Scandinavia, in northern Scandinavia and in northern Russia. Outside Europe, the horned owl is in Northwest Africa, Asia Minor, the Middle East (Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan), Cyprus, Caucasus , Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Northwest India, in the north from the Ural Mountains through Siberia to the Far East ( Russian Far East , Mongolia, North China, Korea).

The animals are found in almost all habitats and are very common everywhere. In the mountains they rise up to 1500 m above sea level.

Way of life

The dock-bark owl forms two generations a year, whose moths fly from mid-April to mid-July and from late July to early September. Occasionally an incomplete third generation is also trained. The moths are nocturnal and come to artificial light sources, and also visit the bait . The caterpillars feed polyphagously on a wide variety of herbaceous plants , shrubs, shrubs and trees, such as Sal willow ( Salix caprea ), nettles ( Urtica ), stump-leaved dock ( Rumex obtusifolius ), blackberries ( Rubus fruticosus ), cypress milkweed ( Euphorbia cyparissias ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), plantain ( Plantago lanceolata ), meadow knapweed ( Centaurea jacea ) or Exceptional dandelion ( Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia ). Ebert et al. (1997) list almost 40 host plant species of the genera Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga ), larch ( Larix ), rush ( Juncus ), willow ( Salix ), hornbeam ( Carpinus ), birch ( Betula ), dock ( Rumex ), rhubarb ( Rheum ), knot oak ( Polygonum ), Bergenia ( Bergenia ), roses ( Rosa ), Rubus , Prunus , Restharrow ( Ononis ), Pelargonium ( Pelargonium ), Spurge ( Euphorbia ), Malva ( Malva ), Willow oak ( Lythrum ), Blueberries ( Vaccinium ), Common heather ( Calluna ), loosestrife ( Lysimachia ), basil ( Ocimum ), plantains ( Plantago ), carding ( Dipsacus ), knapweed ( Centaurea ), dandelion ( Taraxacum ), " thistles " and burnet ( Sanguisorba ).

The caterpillars are diurnal and nocturnal and sit freely on the vegetation at night and during the day. They pupate on the ground or in the vegetation in a parchment-like, gray-brown cocoon . The pupa hibernates.

Danger

The species is not endangered in Germany.

Systematics

Acronicta rumicis is described by Fibiger et al. (2009) together with A. auricoma , A. orientalis , A. menyanthidis , A. euphorbiae and A. cinerea in the subgenus Viminia Chapman, 1890. Further species of the subgenus occur in the Far East. Fibiger et al. (2009) do not exclude any subspecies .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b [Red List]
  2. ↑ Fibiger et al. (2009: p. 50/1)
  3. ↑ Heiko Bellmann : The new Kosmos butterfly guide. Butterflies, caterpillars and forage plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1 .
  4. ↑ Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  5. ↑ Ebert et al. (1997: pp. 50–54)

literature

  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 6, Nachtfalter IV. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1997 (Eulen (Noctuidae) 2nd part), ISBN 3-800-13482-9
  • Michael Fibiger, László Ronkay, Axel Steiner & Alberto Zilli: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 11 Pantheinae, Dilobinae, Acronictinae, Eustrotiinae, Nolinae, Bagisarinae, Acontiinae, Metoponiinae, Heliothinae and Bryophilinae. 504 pp., Entomological Press, Sorø 2009 ISBN 978-87-89430-14-0

Web links

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