Purple loosestrife
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Lythrum |
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The purple loosestrife or willow oak ( Lythrum ) form a genus of plants in the family of the loosestrife family (Lythraceae). The approximately 35 species occur in almost all continents with the exception of South America.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Lythrum species grow as annual to perennial herbaceous plants or subshrubs . The stems of young plants are cylindrical or square. The alternate and spiral, opposite or threesome in whorls arranged leaves are petiolate to sessile. The simple leaf blades have a smooth leaf margin. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are single or in very differently structured inflorescences with bracts . The flowers are stalked or sessile.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and four- or six-fold with a double flower envelope . The flower cup (hypanthium) is narrow, bell-shaped or tubular. Some species have an outer calyx. The four or six sepals are unequal (but not two-lipped) tubular, bell-shaped or urn-shaped fused. There are usually four or six petals , in a few species they are missing. The mostly pink to purple to blue, rarely white, egg or obverse-shaped petals are mostly unequal but not two-lipped fused, sometimes they are radial symmetry . The two to twelve clearly unequal, fertile stamens are free from one another, but fused with the flower cup. Two carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. An ovary compartment contains (rarely one to) usually five to fifty ovules . The stylus ends in a cephalic scar.
The two-compartment capsule fruits contain winged, red-brown, about 1 millimeter large seeds.
ecology
The pollination is usually by insects ( Entomophilie ).
Systematics and distribution
The genus Lythrum was established by Carl von Linné . The botanical genus name Lythrum is derived from the Greek word λύθρον lýthron for dirty blood.
The genus Peplis , with the species Swamp Quendel ( Lythrum portula ) native to Central Europe , is also assigned to the genus Lythrum , depending on the author .
The genus Lythrum is distributed almost worldwide with the exception of South America. In Central Europe are Lythrum Hyssopifolia ( Lythrum hyssopifolia ) rushes loosestrife ( Lythrum junceum ), Lythrum Portula ( Lythrum portula ) Lythrum salicaria ( Lythrum salicaria ) at home:
The genus Lythrum includes around 35 species (here is a selection):
- Lythrum acutangulum Lag .: It occurs in Spain , France , Algeria and Morocco , previously also in Italy and is a neophyte in Sicily and Sweden.
- Winged purple loosestrife ( Lythrum alatum Pursh )
- Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino
- Lythrum baeticum Gonz. Albo : It occurs in Spain and Morocco.
- Lythrum borysthenicum (cupboard) Litv. : It occurs in the Azores , in North Africa , in Southern Europe , in southern Central Europe , in Eastern Europe and in the Middle East .
- Lythrum flexuosum Lag . : It occurs only in Spain.
- Hyssop-leaved loosestrife ( Lythrum hyssopifolia L. )
- Lythrum hyrcanicum (Sosn.) Valdés : It occurs in Azerbaijan .
- Willow tree ( Lythrum junceum Banks & Sol. )
- Lythrum linifolium Kar. & Kir. : It occurs in Hungary and in Armenia .
- Lythrum microphyllum Kar. & Kir. : It occurs in Russia , Ukraine and Moldova .
- Lythrum paradoxum Koehne
- Marsh whale ( Lythrum portula (L.) DAWebb )
- Common loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria L. )
- Lythrum schelkovnikovii Sosn. : It occurs in Azerbaijan.
- Lythrum theodori Sosn. : It occurs in Russia, the Caucasus and Azerbaijan.
- Lythrum thesioides M.Bieb. : It occurs in Italy , in Hungary, in the Caucasus region, in southern Russia and also used to occur in France.
- Lythrum thymifolia L .: It occurs in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
- Lythrum tribracteatum Spreng. : It occurs in North Africa, in Southern Europe, Eastern Europe and in the Middle East.
- Lythrum triflorum (= Ammania triflora ): now Nesaea triflora (see loosestrife )
- Black loosestrife ( Lythrum virgatum L. )
- Lythrum volgense D.A.Webb : It occurs in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
- Lythrum wilsonii Hewson
There are hybrids , for example:
- Lythrum × scabrum Simonk. : It occurs in the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary, Moldova, Ukraine and European Russia.
literature
- Datasheet in the Western Australian flora . (Section description)
- Haining Qin, Shirley A. Graham: Lythrum p. 274 online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Lythrum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p B. Valdés, 2012: Lythraceae. Lythrum data sheet - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
Map with all linked sites: