Loosestrife

Loosestrife
Common loosestrife ( Lysimachia vulgaris )
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Asterids Order : Heather-like (Ericales) Family : Primrose Family (Primulaceae) Subfamily : Myrsine family (Myrsinoideae) Genre : Loosestrife
Scientific name
Lysimachia
L.

As loosestrife ( Lysimachia ), also Lysimachia or loosestrife called, refers to a plant genus in the subfamily of Myrsinengewächse (Myrsinoideae) within the family of Primrose (Primulaceae). The 200 species since 2009 are mainly found in the northern hemisphere .

description

Illustration from English botany, or, Colored figures of British plants , 1863 of the lashed loosestrife ( Lysimachia ciliata )

Appearance and leaves

In Lysimachia TYPES There are mostly perennial herbaceous plants , more rarely to half-shrubs that grow independently erect to prostrate. The vegetative above-ground parts of the plant often have glands that can be recognized as dots or lines.

The leaves, which are mostly opposite or in whorls , less frequently alternating on the stem , are simple and have entire margins.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

Flowers solitary in the upper leaf axils or in lateral or terminal, paniculate , trugdoldigen or racemose inflorescences , which are often shortened to capillary clusters. There are bracts available.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and usually five or rarely six to nine-fold with a double flower envelope . The usually five, rarely six to nine sepals are only briefly fused. The usually five, rarely six to nine petals are only briefly fused bell-shaped or almost wheel-shaped. The corolla lobes are unidirectional (monostrophic) in the bud cover, in the same direction of rotation of the estivation as in the related cyclamen . The colors of the petals are mostly yellow, less often white or pink. The five stamens are free or fused at the base to form a ring and more or less fused with the corolla tube.

The almost spherical capsule fruit usually opens with flaps when ripe, in a few species it remains closed.

Systematics and distribution

Taxonomy

The genus Lysimachia was founded in 1753 by Carl von Linné Species Plantarum 1, p. 146 and Genera Plantarum , Edn. 5 1754, page 72. The botanical genus name Lysimachia refers to the Greek general Lysimachos , one of the diadochi appointed by Alexander the Great ; The legend claims that Lysimachos first one Lysimachia discovered -Art. Synonyms for Lysimachia L. are: Apochoris Duby , Steironema Raf. , Naumburgia Moench , and since 2009 also Anagallis L. , Asterolinon Hoffmanns. & Link , Centunculus L. , Glaux L. , Pelletiera A.St.-Hil. and Trientalis L. .

Lysimachia asperulifolia

Purple loosestrife ( Lysimachia atropurpurea )

Lysimachia azorica

Foliage leaves and inflorescence of Lysimachia barystachys

Lashed loosestrife ( Lysimachia ciliata )

Snowy loosestrife ( Lysimachia clethroides )

Crowded loosestrife ( Lysimachia congestiflora )

Lysimachia daphnoides

Lysimachia davurica

Iberian loosestrife ( Lysimachia ephemerum )

Lysimachia filifolia

Inflorescence of Lysimachia fraseri

Flower bud and flower of Lysimachia glutinosa

Flowers of Lysimachia hillebrandii

Japanese loosestrife ( Lysimachia japonica )

Lysimachia lichiangensis

Beach milkweed ( Lysimachia maritima )

Lysimachia mauritiana

Lysimachia maxima

Grove loosestrife ( Lysimachia nemorum )

Pennywort ( Lysimachia nummularia )

Lysimachia paridiformis

Lysimachia phyllocephala

Lysimachia procumbens

Spotted loosestrife ( Lysimachia punctata )

Lysimachia quadriflora

Lysimachia quadrifolia

Lysimachia remyi

Lysimachia terrestris

Ostrich loosestrife ( Lysimachia thyrsiflora )

Lysimachia verticillaris

Species and their distribution

The main distribution area of the genus Lysimachia is in temperate to subtropical areas of the northern hemisphere . Some species of the genus Lysimachia sl occur in Africa , Madagascar , Australia and South America . The genus Lysimachia has the greatest biodiversity in East Asia . In China there are 138 species in the genus Lysimachia s. st. In Central Europe there are grove loosestrife ( Lysimachia nemorum ), pennywort ( Lysimachia nummularia ), spotted loosestrife ( Lysimachia punctata ), ostrich loosestrife ( Lysimachia thyrsiflora ), common loosestrife ( Lysimachia vulis ) in the genus Lysimachia . st. in front.

There are 150 to 180 species in the genus Lysimachia s. str .. Here is a selection:

• Lysimachia adoensis (Kunze) Klatt
• Lysimachia albescens Franch. : It occurs in Yunnan.
• Lysimachia alfredii Hance : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia alpestris Champ. ex Benth. : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia andina Sandwith
• Lysimachia ardisioides Masam. : It occurs in Taiwan and the Philippines .
• Lysimachia aspera Hand .-- Mazz. : It occurs in Guangxi.
• Lysimachia asperulifolia Poir. : It only thrives at altitudes of 0 to 300 meters in the US states of North Carolina and South Carolina .
• Purple-flowered loosestrife ( Lysimachia atropurpurea L. ): It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula , on islands in the Aegean Sea and in Turkey .
• Lysimachia auriculata Hemsl. : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia azorica Hook. (Syn .: Lysimachia nemorum subsp. Azorica (Hook.) Palhinha ): This endemic occurs only in the Azores .
• Lysimachia baoxingensis (FHChen & CMHu) CMHu : It occurs in Sichuan.
• Hard-eared loosestrife ( Lysimachia barystachys Bunge ): It is common in eastern Russia, Japan, Korea and China.
• Lysimachia biflora C.Y.Wu : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia brachyandra F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia breviflora C.M.Hu : It occurs in Yunnan.
• Lysimachia brittenii R.Knuth : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia candida Lindl. : It occurs in Myanmar , Vietnam , Japan and China.
• Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. : It occurs in the Philippines and China.
• Lysimachia carinata Y.I.Fang & CZCheng : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia cauliflora C.Y.Wu : It occurs in Yunnan.
• Lysimachia chapaensis Merr. : It occurs in Vietnam and in Yunnan.
• Lysimachia chekiangensis C.C.Wu : It occurs in Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia chenopodioides Watt ex Hook. f. : It occurs in China, Myanmar, India , Bhutan and Nepal .
• Lysimachia chikungensis L.H.Bailey : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia chingshuiensis C.I.Peng & CMHu : It occurs in Taiwan .
• Lysimachia christinae Hance : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia chungdienensis C.Y.Wu : It occurs in Sichuan and Yunnan at altitudes between 2000 and 3200 meters.
• Lashed loosestrife ( Lysimachia ciliata L. ): It is widespread at altitudes of 0 to 1100 meters in North America from Alaska and Canada to the United States.
• Lysimachia circaeoides Hemsl. : It occurs in China.
• Snow loosestrife ( Lysimachia clethroides Duby ): It is common in East Asia (Russia, Korea, Japan, Taiwan) and China. It is a neophyte in the United States and northwestern Europe.
• Crowded loosestrife ( Lysimachia congestiflora Hemsl. ): It is widespread in Asia (India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan and China).
• Lysimachia cordifolia Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives only in northwestern Yunnan at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters.
• Lysimachia cousiniana Coss. : It occurs in Algeria and Tunisia .
• Lysimachia crassifolia C.Z.Gao & D.Fang : It occurs in Guangxi.
• Lysimachia crispidens (Hance) Hemsl. : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia crista-galli Pamp. ex Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in China.
• Lysimachia daphnoides (A. Gray) Hillebr. : It occurs in Hawaii .
• Lysimachia davurica Ledeb. (Syn .: Lysimachia vulgaris var. Davurica (Ledeb.) R. Knuth ): It occurs in China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia , Siberia and Russia's Far East.
• Lysimachia debilis Wall. : It occurs in India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan , Thailand and Tibet .
• Lysimachia decurrens G.Forst. : It occurs in Bhutan, Japan, Laos , India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, China and on islands in the Pacific.
• Lysimachia delavayi Franch. : It thrives only in northern Yunnan at altitudes of 2100 to 2900 meters.
• Lysimachia deltoidea Wight : It occurs in two varieties in India, Sri Lanka , Laos , Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and in China.
• Lysimachia dextrorsiflora X.P.Zhang, XHGuo & JWShao : It occurs in Anhui and Fujian.
• Lysimachia drynarifolia Franch. : It occurs at altitudes of 1400 to 3500 meters in Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Lysimachia dubia Aiton : It occurs in Southeastern Europe and in the Middle East .
• Lysimachia dushanensis F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs in northern Guangxi and southern Guizhou.
• Lysimachia engleri R.Knuth : It occurs in two varieties in southwest Sichuan and in Yunnan at altitudes of 2200 to 2400 meters.
• Iberian loosestrife ( Lysimachia ephemerum L. ): It occurs in Morocco , Portugal , Spain and France .
• Lysimachia erosipetala F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs in western Sichuan at altitudes from 1900 to 2300 meters.
• Lysimachia esquirolii Bonati : It occurs in southern Guizhou.
• Lysimachia evalvis Wall. : It occurs in Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim and in southeastern Tibet .
• Lysimachia excisa Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan at altitudes of 2400 to 3500 meters.
• Lysimachia filifolia C.N. Forbes & Lydgate : It is found in Hawaii.
• Lysimachia filipes C.Z.Gao & D.Fang : It occurs in Guangxi.
• Lysimachia fistulosa Hand .-- Mazz. : It occurs in two varieties in northern Guangdong, in Guangxi, Guizhou, in western Hubei, in Hunan, in southern Jiangxi, in eastern Sichuan and in northeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance : It occurs in northern Guangdong, in Guangxi, in southwestern Hunan and in southeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia fooningensis C.Y.Wu : It occurs in northwestern Guangxi, southwestern Guizhou, southeastern Yunnan and in Vietnam.
• Lysimachia forbesii rock
• Lysimachia fordiana olive. : It occurs in Guangdong, Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan.
• Fortune loosestrife ( Lysimachia fortunei Maxim. ): It is common in Japan, Korea, Vietnam and China.
• Lysimachia fraseri Duby
• Lysimachia fukienensis Hand .-- Mazz. : It occurs in western Fujian, northeastern Guangdong, eastern and southern Jiangxi, and southern Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia gesnerioides Y.M.Shui & MDZhang : It occurs in Yunnan and Vietnam.
• Lysimachia glanduliflora Hanelt : It occurs in southern Henan, northern Hubei and northwestern Jiangxi.
• Lysimachia glaucina Franch. : It occurs in northern Yunnan at altitudes from 2000 to 2400 meters.
• Lysimachia glutinosa rock : It occurs in Hawaii.
• Lysimachia graminea (Greene) Hand.-Mazz.
• Lysimachia grammica Hance : It occurs in Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, southern Shaanxi and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia grandiflora (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti : Found only once in forests in northeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia hemsleyana Maxim. ex Oliv. : It occurs in Anhui, Fujian, southern Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, southern Shaanxi, eastern Sichuan and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia hemsleyi Franch. : It occurs in western Guizhou, southwest Sichuan and central and northern Yunnan at altitudes of 1600 to 2600 meters.
• Lysimachia henryi Hemsl. : It thrives in two varieties at altitudes of 300 to 1600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hubei, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Lysimachia heterobotrys F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs in southwest Guangxi.
• Lysimachia heterogenea Klatt : It occurs in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia hillebrandii Hook. f. : It occurs in Hawaii.
• Lysimachia huchimingii G.Hao & HFYan : It was first described in 2012 from Sichuan.
• Lysimachia huitsunae S.S.Chien : It occurs in Anhui, Guangxi and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia hybrida Michx.
• Lysimachia hypericoides Hemsl. : It occurs in northern Guizhou, western Hubei, northeastern Hunan and eastern Sichuan at altitudes of 1700 to 2200 meters.
• Lysimachia inaperta C.M.Hu & FNWei : It occurs in northern Guangxi.
• Lysimachia iniki K.L. Marr : It occurs in Hawaii.
• Lysimachia insignis Hemsl. : It occurs in southwest Guangxi, southwest Guizhou, southeast Yunnan and northern Vietnam.
• Japanese loosestrife ( Lysimachia japonica Thunb. , Syn .: Lysimachia maculata R.Br. ): It is widespread in Asia (India, Kashmir , Bhutan, Indonesia, Korea, Taiwan and China).
• Lysimachia jiangxiensis C.M.Hu : It only occurs in Jiangxi.
• Lysimachia jingdongensis F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs only in southern Yunnan at altitudes of 2100 to 2600 meters.
• Lysimachia kalalauensis Skottsb.
• Lysimachia kipahuluensis H.St.John
• Lysimachia klattiana Hance : It occurs in Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia kwangtungensis (Hand.-Mazz.) CMHu : It only occurs in northern Guangdong and Hunan.
• Lysimachia lanceolata Walter
• Lysimachia lancifolia W.G. Craib : It occurs in southern Yunnan and northern Thailand.
• Lysimachia laxa Baudo : It occurs in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Java , Sumatra and southern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia lichiangensis Forrest : It occurs in two varieties in western Sichuan and northern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia linguiensis C.Z.Gao : It occurs only in northwestern Guangxi.
• Lysimachia linum-stellatum L.
• Lysimachia liui S.S.Chien : It occurs in Sichuan at altitudes of 1800 to 3100 meters.
• Lysimachia lobelioides Wall. : It occurs in Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and in China.
• Lysimachia longipedicellata (Lunell) Hand.-Mazz.
• Lysimachia longipes Hemsl. : It occurs in southern Anhui, northern Fujian, northern Jiangxi and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia longshengensis G.Z.Li & SCTang : It occurs in Guangxi.
• Lysimachia loomisii Torr.
• Lysimachia lunellii (Greene) Hand .-- Mazz.
• Lysimachia lychnoides F.H.Chen & CMHu : It is only found in eastern Guizhou.
• Lysimachia lydgatei Hillebr. : It occurs in Hawaii.
• Beach milkweed ( Lysimachia maritima (L.) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano , Syn .: Glaux maritima L. )
• Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. : It occurs in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, the Philippines, Mauritius as well as Réunion and on islands in the Pacific.
• Lysimachia maxima (R.Knuth) H.St.John : It occurs in Hawaii.
• Lysimachia medogensis F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs in southeastern Tibet at altitudes of about 3100 meters.
• Lysimachia melampyroides R.Knuth : It occurs in three varieties in southeastern Gansu, northeastern Guangxi, northeastern Guizhou, southwestern Hubei, in Hunan, in southwestern Shanxi and in Sichuan.
• Lysimachia membranacea (Greene) Hand .-- Mazz.
• Lysimachia mexicana R. Knuth
• Lysimachia microcarpa Hand .-- Mazz. ex CY Wu : It occurs in southern Yunnan and northern Myanmar.
• Lysimachia millietii (H.Lév.) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in western Guizhou.
• Lysimachia minoricensis J.J. Rodr. : This endemic occurs only on the island of Menorca .
• Lysimachia miyiensis Y.I.Fang & CZCheng in FHChen & CMHu : It occurs in western Sichuan.
• Lysimachia montana (Reinw.) Bakh. f. ex Bentv.
• Lysimachia nanchuanensis C.Y.Wu : It occurs in Sichuan.
• Lysimachia nanpingensis F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs in Fujian and western Guangdong.
• Lysimachia navillei (H. Léveillé) Handel-Mazzetti ex Rehder : It occurs in two varieties in northwestern Guangxi, in southwestern Guizhou and in Hainan.
• Black loosestrife ( Lysimachia nemorum L. )
• Pennywort ( Lysimachia nummularia L. )
• Lysimachia nutans Nees
• Lysimachia nutantiflora F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs in southwest Guangxi.
• Lysimachia omeiensis Hemsl. : It occurs in western Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan at altitudes from 1800 to 3500 meters.
• Lysimachia ophelioides Hemsl. : It occurs in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan.
• Lysimachia orbicularis F.H.Chen & CMHu : It occurs only in southwest Sichuan.
• Lysimachia otophora C.Y.Wu : It occurs in western Guangxi, southeastern Yunnan and northern Vietnam.
• Lysimachia ovata St.John.
• Lysimachia paridiformis Franch. : It occurs in two varieties in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Lysimachia parvifolia Franch. (Syn .: Lysimachia candida var. Microphylla Franch. , Lysimachia humifusa R.Knuth , Lysimachia stolonifera Migo ): It thrives in damp locations in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan .
• Lysimachia patungensis Hand.-Mazz. : You can find them in mixed forests and rivers at altitudes of 500 to 1000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia peduncularis Wall. ex In short : It occurs in Cambodia , India, Malaysia , Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and southern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia pendens K.L.Marr : It occurs in Hawaii.
• Lysimachia pentapetala Bunge (Syn .: Lysimachia unguiculata Diels ): It thrives on fallow land, along roadsides and in open forests in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shandong and Shanxi.
• Lysimachia perfoliata Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives in mountain valleys and wooded areas at altitudes of 900 to 1100 meters in southern Anhui and northern Jiangxi.
• Lysimachia petelotii Merr. : It occurs in northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan.
• Lysimachia phyllocephala Hand .-- Mazz. : There are two varieties:
  • Lysimachia phyllocephala Merr. var. phyllocephala (Syn .: Lysimachia cephalantha R.Knuth ): It thrives in laurel forests and rivers in altitudes from 600 to 2,600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
  • Lysimachia phyllocephala var. Polycephala (Chien) FHChen & CMHu (Syn .: Lysimachia polycephala Chien ): It thrives in moist forest edges at altitudes from 1,100 to 2,100 meters only in the eastern Sichuan.
• Lysimachia physaloides C.Y.Wu & C.Chen in FHChen & CMHu : This endemic thrives in shady locations near water only in Jinping Countyin southeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia pittosporoides C.Y.Wu : It thrives in mixed forests and shrubs on limestone formations at altitudes of 1400 to 1800 meters only in southeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia platypetala Franch. : It thrives on rivers and on wheels of woodlands in valleys at altitudes of 2000 to 2500 meters in southwest Sichuan and in central to northern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia prolifera Klatt : It occurs in India, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim , Myanmar, in southern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia pseudohenryi Pamp. (Syn .: Lysimachia argentata L.H.Bailey , Lysimachia sutchuenensis Bonati ): They on the edges of wooded areas and under bushes at altitudes of 500 to 1500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, northern Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Shaanxi, eastern Sichuan and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia pseudotrichopoda Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives in forests and on grassy slopes at altitudes of 1100 to 1400 meters in the Chinese provinces in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan.
• Lysimachia pterantha Hemsl. : It only thrives on grassy mountain slopes in eastern Sichuan.
• Lysimachia pteranthoides Bonati : It thrives on the edges of forests at altitudes of around 2100 meters in western Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia pumila (Baudo) Franch. : It thrives on wet meadows and damp edges of woodlands at altitudes of 3500 to 4000 meters in western Sichuan and in western to northwestern Yunnan.
• Spotted loosestrife ( Lysimachia punctata L. ): It is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and is often overgrown.
• Lysimachia punctatilimba C.Y.Wu : It thrives in dense forests and along rivers at altitudes of 1300 to 1900 meters in western Hubei and southeastern Yunnan (only in Pingbian County).
• Lysimachia pyramidalis Wall.
• Lysimachia qimenensis X.H.Guo, XPZhang & JWShao : It was first described from Anhui in 2004. It thrives there in forests at altitudes of 300 to 500 meters.
• Lysimachia quadriflora ledge
• Lysimachia quadrifolia L .: It is found in Canada and the United States.
• Lysimachia racemiflora Bonati : It only grows in crevices on mountain slopes in northeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia radicans Hook.
• Lysimachia reflexiloba Hand .-- Mazz. : This endemic thrives on grassy mountain slopes at altitudes of 1700 to 2200 meters only in Muli districtin southwest Sichuan.
• Lysimachia remota Petitm. : There are two varieties:
  • Lysimachia remota var. Lushanensis F.H. Chen & CMHu : It thrives on grassy banks and on the edges of forests at altitudes of 1000 to 1400 meters only in northern Jiangxi.
  • Lysimachia remota Petitm. var. remota (Syn .: Lysimachia cephalantha R.Knuth , Lysimachia deltoidea var. typica R.Knuth , Lysimachia formosana Honda ): It thrives on grassy banks and in shady crevices in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, southern Jiangsu, and Jiangxi Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia remyi Hillebr.
• Lysimachia robusta Hand .-- Mazz. : This endemic thrives between bushes on mountain slopes at altitudes of 2400 to 2700 meters only in Tengchong County in southwestern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia roseola F.H.Chen & CMHu : This endemic thrives on grassy mountain slopes and roadsides at altitudes of around 2000 meters only in Jiulong Countyin southwestern Sichuan.
• Lysimachia rubiginosa Hemsl. (Syn .: Lysimachia involucrata Hemsl. ): It thrives on moist locations in forests and on running waters at altitudes of 1000 to 1500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang and in northeast to southeast Yunnan.
• Lysimachia rubinervis F.H.Chen & CMHu : It only thrives on the edges of forests and rivers in southeastern Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia Ruhmeriana Vatke
• Lysimachia rupestris F.H.Chen & CMHu : This endemic thrives in the tropical karst on limestone rocks in forests at altitudes of 300 to 500 meters only in Longzhou County in southern Guangxi.
• Lysimachia saxicola Chun & FHChun : The two varieties are only found in northwestern Guangxi:
  • Lysimachia saxicola var. Minor C.F. Liang ex FHChen & CMHu : This endemic thrives in the tropical Karst only in the Hechi district .
  • Lysimachia saxicola Chun & FHChun var. Saxicola : This endemic thrives in tropical karst at altitudes of about 2500 meters in circles Nandan .
• Lysimachia scapiflora C.M.Hu, ZRXu & FPChen : This endemic thrives deep in forests on limestone formations at altitudes of around 300 meters only in Ningming County in Guangxi.
• Lysimachia sciadantha C.Y.Wu : This endemic thrives in shady locations on mountain slopes and under bushes in Xishui in northern Guizhou.
• Lysimachia sciadophylla F.H.Chen & CMHu : This endemic thrives at the edges of forests and under bushes only in Qianyang Countyin southwestern Hunan.
• Lysimachia serpyllifolia Schreb.
• Lysimachia sertulata Baudo
• Lysimachia shimianensis F.H.Chen & CMHu : This endemic thrives on grassy banks only in Shimian Countyin western Sichuan.
• Lysimachia siamensis Bonati : It occurs in southern Yunnan, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
• Lysimachia silvestrii (Pamp.) Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives on moats, in open forests and on grassy mountain slopes at altitudes of 1400 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of southeastern Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Shaanxi and northeastern Sichuan.
• Lysimachia stellarioides Hand .-- Mazz. : This endemic thrives at altitudes of around 1300 meters only in Mao in Sichuan.
• Lysimachia stenosepala Hemsl. : There are two varieties:
  • Lysimachia stenosepala var. Flavescens F.H.Chen & CMHu : It thrives in damp locations near running waters and in undergrowth at altitudes of 1100 to 1900 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, southern Sichuan and Yunnan.
  • Lysimachia stenosepala Hemsl. var. stenosepala : It thrives in humid locations in wooded areas, on rivers and on grassy mountain slopes at altitudes of 900 to 2500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi and Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia steyermarkii Standl.
• Lysimachia stigmatosa F.H.Chen & CMHu : It thrives in damp locations in mixed forests in southern Anhui and northern Jiangxi.
• Lysimachia subverticellata C.Y.Wu : It thrives in damp locations in wooded areas and along rivers at altitudes of 500 to 800 meters in southwest Guizhou and southeast Yunnan.
• Lysimachia taliensis Bonati : It thrives on grassy mountain slopes and in scrub at altitudes of 2600 to 3800 meters in Yunnan.
• Lysimachia tengyuehensis Hand.-Mazz. : This endemic thrives under bushes, along rivers and on rice fields at altitudes of around 2400 meters only in Tengchong in southwestern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia terrestris (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. : It occurs in Canada and the United States.
• Lysimachia Thyrsiflora ( Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. ) It is zirkumboreal widespread.
• Lysimachia tianyangensis D.Fang & CZGao : This endemic thrives in the tropical karst on limestone cliffs only in Tianyang County in western Guangxi.
• Lysimachia tienmushanensis Migo : This endemic thrives along rivers, the edges of wooded areas and in gorges at altitudes of 600 to 1000 meters only in northwestern Zhejiang.
• Lysimachia trichopoda Franch. : There are two varieties:
  • Lysimachia trichopoda var. Sarmentosa (CYWu) FHChen & CMHu : This endemic thrives in mixed forests at altitudes from 1,900 to 2,400 meters only in Jinping and Wenshan in southeastern Yunnan.
  • Lysimachia trichopoda Franch. var. trichopoda : It thrives in moist locations in open forests and gorges at altitudes of 1200 to 1800 meters in the Chinese provinces of southern Guizhou, southern Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia tsaii C.M.Hu : It occurs at altitudes of around 3000 meters only in northwestern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia tsarongensis Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives on wet meadows along rivers only in Tsarong County in southeastern Tibet.
• Lysimachia verticiliaris Spreng. : It occurs in Ukraine , Turkey , Armenia and the Caucasus region.
• Lysimachia violascens Franch. : It thrives on mountain slopes only in northern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia vittiformis F.H.Chen & CMHu : This endemic thrives in shady locations on mountain slopes only in Tianlin Countyin northwestern Guangxi.
• Common loosestrife ( Lysimachia vulgaris L. )
• Lysimachia wilsonii Hemsl. : It thrives on the edges of forests and along rivers at altitudes of around 1000 meters only in the Emei Shan in Sichuan and in northeastern Yunnan.
• Lysimachia yingdeensis F.H.Chen & CMHu : It thrives in forests and along rivers only in northern Guangdong.

Lysimachia tyrrhenia

Blauer Gauchheil ( Lysimachia foemina )

Habit of the dwarf gauchheil ( Lysimachia minima )

After Manns and Anderberg showed in 2005 that the genus Lysimachia s. st. without the species of the genera Anagallis , Pelletiera and Trientalis is paraphyletic , Manns and Anderberg published the necessary taxonomic changes in 2009 for a monophyletic genus Lysimachia sl: it thus contains about 33 more species:

• Lysimachia acuminata (Welw. Ex Schinz) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis acuminata Welw. Ex Schinz ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia angustiloba (Engl.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis quartiniana . Var angustiloba Engl. , Anagallis angustiloba . (Engl) Engl. ): This new combination was introduced in 2009.
• Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis arvensis L. , Anagallis arvensis L. var. Arvensis , Anagallis arvensis var. Phoenicea Gouan , Anagallis arvensis var. Caerulea (L.) Gouan , Lysimachia arvensis var. Caerulea (L.) Turland & Bergmeier , Anagallis var. coerulea Domin orth. var., Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis Anagallis caerulea L. , Anagallis caerulea Schreb. nom. illeg., Anagallis coerulea F. Muell. orth. var., Anagallis carnea cabinet , Anagallis parviflora Hoffmanns. & Link , Anagallis phoenicea Scop. ): This new combination took place in 2009. For example, it is a neophyte in Australia.
• Lysimachia barbata (P.Taylor) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis pumila var. Barbata P.Taylor , Anagallis barbata (P.Taylor) Kupicha ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Trientalis borealis Raf. , Trientalis europaea Michx. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia brevipes (P.Taylor) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis brevipes P.Taylor ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia cubangensis U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis filifolia Engl. & Gilg non Lysimachia filifolia C.N. Forbes & Lydgate ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia djalonis (A.Chev.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis djalonis A.Chev. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia elegantula (P.Taylor) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis elegantula P.Taylor ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia europaea (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. : This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia filiformis (Cham. & Schltdl.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis filiformis Cham. & Schltdl. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia foemina (Mill.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis foemina Mill. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia gracilipes (P.Taylor) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis gracilipes P.Taylor ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia hexamera (P.Taylor) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis hexamera P.Taylor ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia huerneri (HEHess) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis huerneri H.E.Hess ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia huttonii (Harv.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis huttonii Harv. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia kingaensis (Engl.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis kingaensis Engl. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia kochii (HEHess) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis kochii H.E. Hess ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia minima (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis minima (L.) EHLKrause , Anagallis centunculus Afzel. , Centunculus minimus L. ): This new combination took place in 2009. For example, it is a neophyte in Australia.
• Lysimachia monelli (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis monelli L. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia nummulariifolia (Baker) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis nummularifolia Baker ): This new combination took place in 2009. In Madagascar it occurs with two varieties only in the provinces of Antananarivo , Fianarantsoa and Toliara .
• Lysimachia oligantha (P.Taylor) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis oligantha P.Taylor ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis ovalis Ruiz & Pav. , Anagallis pumila Sw. Non Lysimachia pumila Franch. , Anagallis pumila Sw. Var. Pumila , Centunculus pumilus (Sw.) Kuntze , Centunculus tenellus Duby , Micropyxis pumila (Sw.) Duby ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia peploides (Baker) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis peploides Baker ): This new combination took place in 2009. In Madagascar it occurs only in the provinces of Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa .
• Lysimachia rhodesica (REFr.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis rhodesica R.E.Fr. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia rubricaulis (Duby) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Micropyxis rubricaulis Duby ): This new combination took place in 2009. In Madagascar it occurs only in the provinces of Analamanga and Itasy .
• Lysimachia schliebenii (R.Knuth & Mildbr.) U.Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis schliebenii R.Knuth & Mildbr. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia serpens (Hochst. Ex A.DC.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis serpens Hochst. Ex A.DC. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia tenuicaulis (Baker) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis tenuicaulis Baker ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia tsaratananae (M. Peltier) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis tsaratananae M. Peltier ): This new combination took place in 2009. This endemic occurs in Madagascar only in the Antsiranana province.
• Lysimachia tyrrhenia U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Anagallis crassifolia Thore non Lysimachia crassifolia C.Z.Gao & D.Fang ): This new combination took place in 2009, the new name is necessary because Lysimachia crassifolia was already taken.
• Lysimachia verna (A.St.-Hil.) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Pelletiera verna A.St.-Hil. ): This new combination took place in 2009.
• Lysimachia wildpretii (Valdés) U. Manns & Anderb. (Syn .: Pelletiera wildpretii Valdés ): This new combination took place in 2009.

use

Use as a medicinal plant

The loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris) is used as a remedy for gastrointestinal complaints such as diarrhea. It has also proven itself in the form of tea rinses for gum problems and mouth infections.

Use in the kitchen

The loosestrife is hardly known in the kitchen. In April and May the young leaves can be used with other wild herbs for herb quark, herb butter, soups, salads, smoothies and vegetable dishes. The flowers can also be used in salads and as a spread. The taste of the leaves and flowers is refreshingly sour and reminiscent of sorrel.

swell

literature

• Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37- 1 : Lysimachia Linnaeus. , Pp. 39-65 - online with the same text as the printed work.
• Anita F. Cholewa: Lysimachia Linnaeus. , P. 308. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . - same text online as the printed work.
• Gang Hao, Yong-Ming Yuan, Chi-Ming Hu, Xue-Jun Ge, Nan-Xian Zhao: Molecular phylogeny of Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) based on chloroplast trnL – F and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 31, Issue 1, April 2004, pp. 323-339. doi : 10.1016 / S1055-7903 (03) 00286-0
• Ulrika Manns, Arne A. Anderberg : Molecular phylogeny of Anagallis (Myrsinaceae) based on ITS, trnL-F, and ndhF sequence data. International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 166, 2005, pp. 1019-1028. JSTOR 10.1086 / 449318 doi : 10.1086 / 449318
• Ulrika Manns, Arne A. Anderberg : New combinations and names in Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) for species of Anagallis, Pelletiera and Trientalis. In: Willdenowia , Volume 39, 2009, pp. 50–51. doi : 10.3372 / wi.39.39103
• I.-C. Oh, J. Schönenberger, TJ Motley, M. Myrenås, Arne A. Anderberg: Phylogenetic relationships among endemic hawaiian lysimachia (Ericales: Primulaceae): Insights from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. , In: Pacific Science , 2013.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg} Qiming Hu, Sylvia Kelso: Primulaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37- 1 : Lysimachia Linnaeus. , Pp. 39-65 - online with the same text as the printed work.
2. ↑ Linné 1753: Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus , 3, 1788, p. 48 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
3. ^ Lysimachia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 16, 2014.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} data sheet Lysimachia at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI .
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Lysimachia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai} Ulrika Manns, Arne A. Anderberg : New combinations and names in Lysimachia (Myrsinaceae) for species of Anagallis, Pelletiera and Trientalis. In: Willdenowia , Volume 39, Issue 1, 2009, pp. 50-51. doi : 10.3372 / wi.39.39103
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} Karol Marhold, 2011: Primulaceae. : Data sheet Lysimachia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
8. ↑ ^{a b c} Anita F. Cholewa: Lysimachia Linnaeus. , P. 308. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 . - same text online as the printed work.
9. ↑ ^{a b} E. Nasir, SI Ali (ed.): Lysimachia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Univ. of Karachi, Karachi.
10. ↑ Ulrika Manns, Arne A. Anderberg : Molecular phylogeny of Anagallis (Myrsinaceae) based on ITS, trnL-F, and ndhF sequence data. International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 166, 2005, pp. 1019-1028.
11. ↑ ^{a b c d} Lysimachia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
12. ^ Federal Center for Nutrition, Gilbweiderich . Retrieved April 29, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Loosestrife ( Lysimachia )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

• Lysimachia at Tropicos.org. In: Peru Checklist . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
• Lysimachia at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
• Lysimachia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
• Entries about Lysimachia in Plants For A Future

 Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap