Lysimachia asperulifolia

Lysimachia asperulifolia
Lysimachia asperulifolia
Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida) Asterids Order : Heather-like (Ericales) Family : Primrose Family (Primulaceae) Genre : Loosestrife ( Lysimachia ) Type : Lysimachia asperulifolia
Scientific name
Lysimachia asperulifolia
Poir.

Lysimachia asperulifolia is a species of the genus loosestrife ( Lysimachia ) within the primrose family (Primulaceae). English-language common names are English rough-leaved loosestrife, roughleaf yellow loosestrife . This rare endemic is found only in the Atlantic coastal plains of North Carolina and northern South Carolina in the United States . It is rated as an endangered species in the United States.

description

Vegetative characteristics

Lysimachia asperulifolia is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 65 centimeters. As a survival organ, it forms a somewhat thickened and largely fleshy rhizome , but no nodules. The independently upright stem is usually simple or sparsely branched. The stem is covered with stalked glandular hairs, especially in the upper area. The lower part of the stem is slightly pink and ribbed, while the upper part is yellowish and has no ribs.

The sitting leaves are in whorls of three or four on the stem, sometimes in opposite pairs. With a length of 2 to 5.5 centimeters and a width of 0.8 to 2 centimeters, the green leaf blade is lanceolate with a rounded to truncated blade base and a pointed upper end. The leaf margin is smooth, slightly curved below and not ciliate (distinction to related species). The nerve is palmate with three to five main nerves. The bald leaf blade is dotted with dark glands, especially on the underside and / or on the top, sometimes hardly noticeable. The leaves are not suggesting as the English common name rough ( English rough ). Smaller, harder, brown leaves are opposite or in whorls of up to seven near the base of the stem.

Generative characteristics

In the USA, the flowering time is in early summer. The mostly terminal, 3 to 10 centimeters long, racemose inflorescence contains leaf-like, green bracts . The 0.4 to 2 centimeter long peduncle is covered with stalked glandular hairs.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and usually five-fold with a double flower envelope . Sepals and petals are covered with tiny glandular hairs and streaked by dark resin canals. The five green sepals are 3 to 6 millimeters long and only fused at their base. The five calyx teeth are narrow-lanceolate. The corolla is wheel-shaped. The four to seven, usually five, yellow petals are 6 to 9 millimeters long and only fused at their base. The usually five corolla lobes have a pointed to pointed upper end. There is only one circle with five stamens . The overgrown stamens are 1 to 1.5 millimeters in length shorter than the petals. Staminodes are absent.

The red-spotted straw-colored capsule fruit is 3 to 4 millimeters long, glabrous and not dotted with glands. The capsule fruit opens with five fruit valves.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.

Habitat : Rough-leaf Loosestife Savannah Pocosin ecotone

Occurrence and endangerment

This rare species of plant is endemic to the Atlantic coastal plains of North Carolina and northern South Carolina in the United States . There are 64 known populations .

Lysimachia asperulifolia thrives at altitudes from 0 to 300 meters. Lysimachia asperulifolia grows in numerous plant communities in the coastal plains of southern North Carolina and northern South Carolina. Their habitats are pocosins , sand hills, so-called pine flatwoods and pine savannas . It is most often found in open ecotones between the mountain ranges of swamp pine forests and Pinus serotina cocosins. The soil is seasonally moist to saturated or flooded, poor in nutrients and rich in peat over sandy substrates. Lysimachia asperulifolia grows in locations that are naturally exposed to fire within a dense shrub layer. Fires prevent succession and maintain an ecosystem type in which the higher vegetation is kept small and sparse and the herbaceous layer blooms in the sun. Trees, shrubs and ferns of the habitats of Lysimachia asperulifolia are Aronia arbutifolia , Erlenblättrige Zimterle ( Clethra alnifolia ) cyrilla , Fothergilla gardenii , Ilex glabra , Magnolia virginiana , Osmundastrum cinnamomea , Persea palustris , Symplocos tinctoria and Vaccinium species. Accompanying herbaceous plants, grasses and mosses are Andropogon glomeratus , Aristida stricta , medium sundew ( Drosera intermedia ), Drosera capillaris , Lachnanthes caroliniana , Peltandra sagittifolia , yellow pitcher plant ( Sarracenia flava ) and species of sphagnum (peat moss).

It is rated as an endangered species in the United States. The TNC classifies this species as endangered ("G3" = "Vulnerable").

In the 1980s, the only known populations of Lysimachia asperulifolia were in the Green Swamp Nature Preserve and in the Croatan National Forest and at the Military Ocean Terminal "Sunny Point". Another was found at Fort Bragg . A backburning program on the military properties was intended to preserve the habitat of the cockade woodpecker ( Picoides borealis ). This habitat is also suitable for Lysimachia asperulifolia , so that as a result, further populations emerged that were previously suppressed by overgrowth. One of these populations is at Camp Lejeune , and other populations have established themselves at Fort Bragg. The deposit in South Carolina is near "Fort Jackson". By 1995, 64 populations were known. Because this plant species normally reproduces vegetatively by sprouting from the rhizome and thus forming clones , large populations also consist of a few genetically distinguishable individuals with many sprouts that are visible on the surface.

The greatest threat to Lysimachia asperulifolia comes from habitat loss or degradation . Many areas in its range have been developed through urban development, the wetlands have been drained to gain land for residential, commercial and recreational purposes. Remaining habitats were insufficiently managed and degraded by preventing a natural fire regime . When fire-fighting measures were introduced, the Pocosins began to overgrown the sand hills and swamps with trees. Shrubs were not suppressed, but grew to stately heights, so that they competed with many herbaceous plants by providing shade. Even if fires were allowed or deliberately used, they did not reach the proportions required to dispose of the enormous accumulated organic matter. Activities associated with fire protection can also have negative effects if, for example, fire breaks are often cut into open ecotones, where Lysimachia asperulifolia usually grows. The agriculture , including pine plantations, and other activities alter the hydrology of the wetlands and make the surfaces of these and other native species unsuitable. Many populations reside on military properties and are at risk from the military operations that could destroy them.

Taxonomy

The first description was in 1814 with the spelling Lysimachia asperulaefolia by Jean Louis Marie Poiret in Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre de Monnet de Lamarck in Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique ... , Supplément 3, 2, page 477. The spelling has been changed according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. ( Shenzhen Code ): Chapter VIII: Orthogaphy and Gender of Names , Section 1: Orthogaphy Article 60 in Lysimachia asperulifolia Poir. changed. Another synonym for Lysimachia asperulifolia Poir. is Lysimachia herbemontii Elliott .

swell

literature

• Anita F. Cholewa: Lysimachia: : Lysimachia asperulifolia Poiret in Lamarck J. et al. , P. 310 , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Lysimachia asperulifolia. The Nature Conservancy , February 2, 2009, accessed July 16, 2019 (English, Version 7.1).  
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} Anita F. Cholewa: Lysimachia: : Lysimachia asperulifolia Poiret in Lamarck J. et al. , P. 310 , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 8: Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Lysimachia asperulifolia . Center for Plant Conservation. Archived from the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} ROUGH-LEAVED LOOSESTRIFE ( Lysimachia asperulaefolia ) Recovery Plan . US Fish and Wildlife Service - Southeast Region. April 19, 1995. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
5. ↑ Lysimachia asperulifolia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 15, 2019.
6. ↑ Lysimachia asperulifolia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
7. ↑ Lysimachia asperulaefolia Poir. . In: GBIF taxonomy backbone . GBIF . Retrieved July 14, 2019.