Acutalis

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Acutalis
Acutalis tartarea

Acutalis tartarea

Systematics
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Risso cicadas (Cicadomorpha)
Superfamily : Membracoidea
Family : Humpback chirps (Membracidae)
Subfamily : Smiliinae
Genre : Acutalis
Scientific name
Acutalis
Fairmaire , 1846

Acutalis is a genus of humpback chirps that occurs in the Neotropic and Nearctic (North and South America).

features

The Acutalis chirps are approx. 4 to 9 mm long. The coloration varies considerably even within a species, from light brown, yellow, yellow green and even to black (e.g. BA fusconervosa ). The pronotum has only a smooth, rearward-facing process that tapers to a point, with no other outgrowths. The pronotum is unpunctured and shiny and does not extend to the rear of the wings. The head is triangular, shiny and three times as wide as it is high. The forewings have no discoid cells but five apical cells. Similar genera such as Micrutalis or Bordoniana can be distinguished from Acutalis by the wing veins .

biology

The chirps are usually found individually on plants of the Asteraceae family (where they suckle phloem ), but can also be found on other plants and in small groups.

The females of Acutalis tartarea lay their eggs in groups of approx. 12 to 15 in the host plant. To do this, they prick the underside of leaves near the tip of the stem. The young larvae initially live in groups and later distribute themselves on the branches and leaf stems, but not on the leaves.

Phylogeny and Systematics

According to the traditional view, established by the American entomologist Lewis L. Deitz, the genus, with two related genera, belongs to a tribe Acutalini in a subfamily Smiliinae. According to more recent morphological and molecular data, the earlier subfamilies Darninae, Smiliinae and Stegaspidinae form a basal, para- or even polyphyletic group within the Membracidae and must be abandoned as taxa. The Acutalini and the similar Micrutalini form a common family group ( clade ). It is currently unclear whether these tribes each form monophyletic units because not enough species have been investigated.

Types and distribution

The catalog by Stuart McKamey 1998 named nine species for the genus, some of which ( A. biguttula , A. litterata , A. flavozonata ) have been transferred to the genus Micrutalis or ( A. retrofasciata ) to the genus Trachytalis or ( A. flaviventris ) have been synonymous with other species. This means that the genus only includes three (possibly only two) species:

  • Acutalis fusconervosa Fairmaire , 1846; Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. Type species of the genus (type locality: Colombia).
  • Acutalis nigrinervis Fowler , 1895; Peru, Mexico, USA, Canada. The species can only bedifferentiatedaccording to color characteristics of A. tartarea and possibly synonymous with it, but was recognized as independent in the 2012 catalog.
  • Acutalis tartarea ( Say , 1830); Ecuador, Mexico, USA, Canada. The species has color variants ( semicrea , inornata ) that were previously, rarely until 2003, considered as a separate species.

Web links

Commons : Acutalis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d A. M. Sakakibara: The tribe Acutalini Fowler (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae): New genera, new species and some nomenclatural changes . In: Revista Brasileira de Zoologia . tape 14 , no. 3 , 1997, p. 659-674 ( scielo.br [PDF]).
  2. ^ A b C. Godoy, X. Miranda & K. Nishida: Treehoppers of tropical America . Instituto national de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, 2006, ISBN 9968-927-10-4 , p. 1-352 .
  3. ^ A b Camilo Florez-V, Marta I. Wolff, Julianna Cardona-Duque: Contribution to the taxonomy of the family membracinae Rafinesque (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Colombia . In: Zootaxa . tape 3910 , 2015, p. 1-261 .
  4. ↑ CH Dietrich, SH McKamey, LL Deitz (2001): Morphology based phylogeny of the family treehopper Membracidae (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Membacoidea). Systematic Entomology 26: 213-239.
  5. ↑ Christopher H. Dietrich, Julie M. Allen, Alan R. Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Daniela M. Takiya, Olivia Evangelista, Kimberly KO Walden, Patrick GS Grady, Kevin P. Johnson (2017): Anchored Hybrid Enrichment-Based Phylogenomics of Leafhoppers and Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Insect Systematics and Diversity 1 (1): 57-72. doi: 10.1093 / isd / ixx003
  6. ↑ a b c Albino M. Sakakibara (1999): A synopsis of the tribe Micrutalini Haupt (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologie 16 (Supplement 1): 193-220.
  7. ↑ McKamey SH: Taxonomic catalog of the Membracoidea (exclusive of leafhoppers) . In: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute . tape 60 , 1998, ISBN 1-887988-04-1 , pp. 1-377 .
  8. ↑ Lewis L. Deitz & Matthew S. Wallace (2012): Richness of the Nearctic Treehopper Fauna (Hemiptera: Aetalionidae and Membracidae). Zootaxa 3423: 1-26.
  9. ↑ James H. Tsai & Dennis D. Kopp (1980): Life History, Morphology, and Taxonomy of Acutalis tartarea (Say) (Homoptera: Membracidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 88 (3): 174-185.
  10. ↑ SM Paiero & SA Marshall (2003): New records of Hemiptera from Canada and Ontario. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 134: 115-129.