Ait Waryaghar

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Ait Waryaghar , Ait Ouriaghel or in Arabic Beni Urriaguel ( Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⵢⵜ ⵡⵔⵢⴰⵖⵍ Ayt Weryaɣel ) is the most populous Berber tribe in the Rif Mountains in northern Morocco .

Khmas system

The Ait Waryagher, like the Ait 'Atta from the Jebel Saghro and the Central Atlas Ikeräiyen Khénifra , have autonomous subgroups with their own caids . A Kham is an autonomous tribe within a tribe, with its own Caïd (tribal leader). These are the five khmas of Ait Waryagher:

  • Kham by Ait Youssouf W'Äri / Ari Ait
  • Kham of Ait Bouäyach (Boudchar)
  • Kham the Imrabdhen
  • Kham by Abdellah Ait
  • Kham by Ait Hadifa

history

As Muley Mohamet, Bou Hamara had sold the ore mining rights to the Beni-bu-Ifrur massif to the Compañía Española de Minas del Rif . On August 8, 1908, a group of Ait Waryaghar kidnapped him from the mining camp of the Compañía Española de Minas del Rif SA , but left him unharmed. According to the Ait Waryaghar, the presence of the Spanish colonizers was illegitimate, from which the Guerra de Melilla developed and later the second Moroccan war including the use of chemical weapons . On May 16, 1930, Mohammed V (Morocco) issued a Dahir, with which he legalized the property situation as it prevailed according to customs and traditions in Berber areas, in order to open these areas to international property transactions. This Berber Dahir contributed to the unification of a National Moroccan Movement as an opposition to this Dahir. In 1956, with the withdrawal of the French and Spanish troops, the sultan renamed himself king and abolished the Berber government, the Khmas system. In 1958 the Ait Waryaghar dared to revolt against the king. Mohammed V (Morocco) put down the uprising, which resulted in around 8,000 deaths in the region of Ait Abdellah and Ait Hadifa between 1958 and 1960. Thousands of Ait Waryaghar became labor migrants in Western Europe: in the Netherlands, Northern France, Belgium and Germany.

geography

The Waryagher Ait extends over a large area in the central reef. The Ait of the Waryagher border the following tribes:

  • West: Targuist, and Boufrah Ait Ait Itteft
  • East: Temsamane and Ait Touzine
  • North: Ibaqouyenland
  • South: Gzenaya and Ait Ammart

The tribal area of ​​the Ait Waryaghar today includes the following cities:

There are also untouched rural mountain areas and the bay of Al Hoceima, which is still contaminated by the use of chemical weapons .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ World Culture Encyclopedia Berbers of Morocco Sociopolitical Organization
  2. ^ CR Pennell Morocco Since 1830: A History C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000 p. 140