Acute monocytic leukemia
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| C93.0 | Acute monoblastic / monocyte leukemia - AML M5 - AML M5a - AML M5b |
| C92.7 | Other myeloid leukemia |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
The Acute monocytic leukemia (M5) is a form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . According to the FAB classification , more than 80% of myeloid cells are monoblasts (M5a) or monocytes (M5b).
Synonyms are: AML-M5; AmoL; Acute monocytic leukemia; Acute myeloid leukemia, type 5
distribution
The frequency is given as 1 in 1,000,000, it is one of the most common forms of AML in the first two years of life.
root cause
The cause is not known.
Congenital risk factors ( predisposition ) are:
- Down syndrom
- Twin with leukemia
- Fanconi anemia
- Bloom Syndrome
- Louis Bar Syndrome (Ataxia teleangiectasia)
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Li Fraumeni Syndrome
- Kostmann syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
Acquired risk factors are:
- Prenatal exposure to pollutants
- Aplastic anemia
- Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Clinical manifestations
Unspecific indications are weakness, paleness, fever, dizziness and breathing problems. More specific are bruises , bleeding tendency , coagulation disorder , neurological abnormalities and gingival hyperplasia .
diagnosis
The diagnosis is made through a blood test and bone marrow aspiration.
Differential diagnosis
The following are to be distinguished:
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- Metastases in the bone marrow from neuroblastoma , rhabdomyosarcoma, or Ewing's sarcoma
- Bone marrow involvement from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Transient leukemoid reactions
- Transient myeloproliferative syndrome
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Pfeiffer glandular fever
- viral bone marrow depression
- Aplastic anemia
- Neutropenia
literature
- X. Xiao, Q. Xu, Y. Sun, Z. Lu, R. Li, X. Wang, X. Jiang, G. Zhang, Y. Xiao: 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine promotes migration of acute monocytic leukemia cells via activation of CCL2-CCR2-ERK signaling pathway. In: Molecular medicine reports. [electronic publication before printing] June 2017, doi: 10.3892 / mmr.2017.6737 , PMID 28627644 .
- MS Low, S. Vilcassim, P. Fedele, G. Grigoriadis: Acute monocytic leukemia masked by hemolytic anemia and sclerotic lesions. In: Annals of hematology. Vol. 95, No. 12, December 2016, pp. 2081-2082, doi: 10.1007 / s00277-016-2801-0 , PMID 27572458 .
- R. Becher, OA Haas, U. Graeven, P. Bettelheim, P. Ambros, M. Fridrik, UW Schaefer, CG Schmidt: Translocation t (8; 16) in acute monocytic leukemia. In: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. Vol. 34, No. 2, September 1988, pp. 265-271, PMID 3165700 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ leukemia, acute monoblastic. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
- ↑ a b c Acute monocytic leukemia
