Alkylate gasoline
| Alkylate gasoline | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| other names |
Device gasoline, green gasoline, special fuel |
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| Brief description | Petrol for work equipment where the user is particularly at risk from engine exhaust | |||||||||
| origin |
synthetic |
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| CAS number |
64741-64-6, 86290-81-5 and additives |
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| properties | ||||||||||
| Physical state | liquid | |||||||||
| density |
0.68-0.72 kg / L (15 ° C) |
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| Octane number |
min. 95 RON, min 90 MOZ |
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| Boiling range |
25-200 ° C |
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| Flash point |
<−50 ° C |
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| Ignition temperature | > 250 ° C | |||||||||
| Explosive limit | 0.6-8.0% by volume | |||||||||
| safety instructions | ||||||||||
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| UN number | 1203 | |||||||||
| Hazard number | 3 | |||||||||
| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||
Under alkylate (also devices gasoline , Green gasoline or special fuel ) summarizes one gasolines together, by alkylation of gaseous olefins and branched saturated hydrocarbons such as isobutane in the presence of sulfuric acid or hydrogen fluoride are recovered at low temperatures. Almost exclusively isoparaffins are produced . The starting materials are excess gases from crude oil distillation and from cracking plants .
Manufacturing
The production takes place catalytically using concentrated sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
composition
Like petrol , alkylate petrol is a blend of different components:
- Alkylate (C 7 –C 12 isoparaffins, produced using the so-called alkylation process)
- Isobutane (to adjust the vapor pressure)
- Isopentane (to adjust the vapor pressure and to smooth the boiling curve)
- Additives
The synthetic alkylate is the main component of the mixture (85… 95%).
A distinction is made between different species in the EU. These are:
Total alkylate gasoline
Naphtha (petroleum), total alkylate gasoline, low boiling point naphtha, modified, CAS number: 64741-64-6.
A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by distilling the reaction products of isobutane with monoolefins having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 3 to C 5 ; consists primarily of branched saturated hydrocarbons with carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 7 to C 12 with a boiling range of about 90 ° C to 220 ° C.
Total alkylate petrol, containing butane
Naphtha (petroleum), total alkylate gasoline, contains butane, naphtha, low boiling point, modified, CAS number: 68527-27-5.
A complex combination of hydrocarbons made by distilling the reaction products of isobutane with monoolefins having carbon numbers usually in the range of C 3 to C 5 ; consists primarily of branched, saturated hydrocarbons with carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 7 to C 12 and some butanes with a boiling range of around 35 ° C to 200 ° C.
Heavy alkylate gasoline
Naphtha (petroleum), heavy alkylate gasoline, low boiling point naphtha, modified, CAS number: 64741-65-7.
A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by distilling the reaction products of isobutane with monoolefins having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 3 to C 5 ; consists primarily of branched saturated hydrocarbons with carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 9 to C 12 with a boiling range of about 150 ° C to 220 ° C.
Light alkylate gasoline
Naphtha (petroleum), light alkylate gasoline, low boiling point naphtha, modified, CAS number: 64741-66-8.
A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by distilling the reaction products of isobutane with monoolefins having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 3 to C 5 ; consists primarily of branched, saturated hydrocarbons with carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 7 to C 10 with a boiling range of about 90 ° C to 160 ° C.
Butane alkylate
Naphtha (petroleum), C 4–12 , butane alkylate, isooctane-rich, naphtha, low-boiling point, modified, CAS number: 92045-49-3.
Complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by alkylation of butanes; consists primarily of hydrocarbons with carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C 4 to C 12 , rich in isooctane, with a boiling range of around 35 ° C to 210 ° C.
Properties and use
According to the current state of the art, alkylate petrol is low in substances harmful to health and the environment, especially when it comes to carcinogenic, mutagenic or reproductive toxicity ( CMR substances ) in the engine exhaust gases. It consists almost entirely of paraffins and contains only very small amounts of olefins and aromatics , hardly any sulfur and typically only about 0.05% benzene . Alkylate petrol is used where people are directly exposed to the exhaust gases from the machine, for example when using lawn mowers , power saws or in model making .
The alkylate used in chain saws and lawn mowers is as appliances gasoline , special fuel or green gasoline called. Device gasoline is available as a 4-stroke gasoline or as a ready-to-use 2-stroke mixture. The variant for two-stroke engines is premixed with fully synthetic or ester-based mixed oil. In contrast to a normal mixture of petrol, 2-stroke device petrol can be stored for a very long time (at least 2 years) without segregation.
Since the density of alkylate fuels is lower than that of conventional petrol, the mixture preparation (carburetor, possibly also the injection) must be set a little richer; otherwise starting difficulties and / or misfiring may occur.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Aspen.se: What is alkylate gasoline ? , accessed September 17, 2016.
- ↑ Swiss standard for device gasoline SN 181163
- ↑ a b c d Swedish standard for tool petrol SS 155461 (PDF; 399 kB).
- ↑ a b c EC safety data sheet Aspen 4T (PDF; 550 kB).
- ↑ a b stihl.com: MotoMix - special fuel for two-stroke and 4-MIX engines , accessed on September 17, 2016.
- ↑ Entry on Naphtha (petroleum), full-range alkylate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 11, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ Heinz-Gerhard Franck, Andre Knop: Coal refinement chemistry and technology . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-67419-8 , pp. 10 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b c Composition of alkylate petrol .
- ↑ europa.eu: REGULATION (EU) No. 109/2012 OF THE COMMISSION of 9 February 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemical substances ( REACH) with regard to Annex XVII (CMR substances) , accessed on September 17, 2016.