Allee (Heilbronn)
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| The avenue from the south, with Harmonie , the Vogelmann art gallery and the shopping center on the right-hand side of the street. | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Heilbronn |
| District | Heilbronn |
| Newly designed | 2012-2013 |
| Hist. Names | Adolf-Hitler-Allee |
| Connecting roads | Weinsberger Strasse (north end), Am Wollhaus (south end) |
| Cross streets | u. a. Karlstrasse, Kaiserstrasse , Moltkestrasse |
| Places | Berlin Square |
| Numbering system | Orientation numbering |
| Buildings | see section Distinctive Buildings |
| use | |
| User groups | Car traffic , pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 750 m |
The avenue is the central north-south traffic axis in downtown Heilbronn . The 700 meter long four-lane street that stretches between the Heilbronner Stadttheater on Berliner Platz and Wollhausplatz goes back to an avenue of lime trees and horse chestnut trees that was laid out in 1753. This followed the course of the city wall on the outside, was renewed after the city ditches were backfilled in 1846 and was initially a promenade with only loosely built up on the east side . Today's buildings arose when, during the reconstruction of the war-torn city after the Second World War, mainly commercial buildings were built on both sides of the street. Around 1970 the avenue got its current course after the demolition of the old town bath and the old town theater .
history
Creation of the avenue
The medieval Heilbronn was since the 12./13. Century surrounded by city walls in all four directions . The avenue follows the course of the city wall in the east, in front of which there was a ditch as well as in the south and north outside. In the west, the Neckar formed a natural boundary. City gates stood on the north and south walls and on a Neckar bridge to the west, but initially not in the eastern wall in front of today's avenue .
In 1753, Mayor Gottlob Moriz Christian von Wacks had a lime tree and horse chestnut avenue laid out beyond the city moat. After the city passed to Württemberg in 1802, the settlement area of the city expanded beyond its old walls. In 1808, when the Adelberger Tower was demolished, the wall ring was broken through to the east for the first time. The Neutor built there afterwards was later called Karlstor . The city moat in its apron was filled in 1809, creating a transition to the east. In 1819 the first building was built on the east side of this avenue , a garden restaurant, which was later expanded into the Heilbronn Aktientheater .
The city walls were gradually demolished after 1809, and the moat was filled with the rubble and other rubble. In 1846 a public limited company was founded for the purpose of beautifying the outskirts. On their initiative, the filled moat on the 700-meter-long east side of the old town and on its north side was converted into a 45-meter-wide green area with lawns, bushes, trees and a promenade lined with benches . On both sides of the green area, approx. 8 meter wide lanes were drawn. This new avenue from 1846 was established on the site of the facility from 1753, the trees of the old avenue were felled.
After the city of Heilbronn had grown far beyond its medieval borders by 1855, a new division of the districts became necessary. The designation Allee also became the official street name, although a distinction was initially made between Obere and Untere Alleestraße and Obere and Untere Allee . On the street on the old town side ("Alleestraße") stood the old buildings of the medieval city center, including some craft businesses, on the eastern ("Allee") mostly spacious, villa-like residential buildings. From 1873 to 1877 the Heilbronn synagogue was built on the southern avenue , from 1876 to 1878 the municipal festival hall Harmonie at the Aktientheater to the north , and in 1892 at the southern end of the avenue the municipal swimming pool on Wollhausplatz . At that time the avenue was still a pure promenade without much traffic, as it initially ran over Sülmerstrasse and Fleiner Strasse, the old north-south traffic axis through the city. The most important intersection on the avenue was initially the one with Karlstrasse, the most important west-east axis at the time.
Inner city promenade
In 1897, the Kramstrasse, coming from the market square, was broken through by old buildings to the avenue and renamed Kaiserstrasse . In the same year, the tram operation began in Heilbronn , which also flowed through this intersection, making it the main traffic junction of the avenue before the Karlstrasse junction. From 1899 the street was called Allee along its entire length , and the buildings were renumbered. Remaining vacant lots on the east side were mostly closed with villa-like houses. The handicrafts on the west side of the old building declined, now more and more shops and restaurants settled between the residential buildings.
From 1911 to 1913, the Heilbronn City Theater was built at the northern end of the avenue . The last vacant lots were closed by around 1930. The number of shops on the avenue had hardly increased since the turn of the century, the avenue still retained the character of a promenade in contrast to the shopping streets Kaiserstraße, Sülmerstraße and Fleiner Straße. Only a few commercial and office buildings on the east side of the street and the Neue Post, built in 1931, were added. In 1934, when the street was already renamed Adolf-Hitler-Allee , it was referred to as a “park-like walkway” in the city's address book.
During the air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944, the entire city center of Heilbronn was destroyed and almost all of the buildings along the avenue. Only the building at Allee 18 and the Neue Post could be completely restored, the city theater provisionally.
Main street since World War II
When planning the reconstruction of the city from 1947, the new development of which was basically to follow the old streets and quarters, the avenue was envisaged as a thoroughfare and business street. Karl Gonser's traffic plan from 1947 contained a ring of avenues bypassing the city center , the eastern half of which was to use the avenue. However, due to an unbridgeable bottleneck in the northwest (today's Kranenstrasse), the Alleenring could not be fully realized. At the same time, the avenue was expanded into the inner-city main street, over which the north-south through traffic that formerly flowed through Sülmerstraße and Fleiner Straße was now directed. The traffic was initially directed from Neckarsulm around Berliner Platz and the Stadttheater to the Allee and at the southern end around the Stadtbad to Wilhelmstrasse, the extension of Fleiner Strasse.
On the west side of the street there was again a mixed development of commercial buildings and residential and commercial buildings, on the east side, which was previously mainly characterized by residential villas, however, not a single residential building was built, only public buildings and commercial buildings, including a. the furniture store Karl Kost . At the southern end of the avenue, the Stadtbad was rebuilt on Wollhausplatz in 1950, and there was a stop for several buses here. In the 1950s, most of the vacant lots were closed again. The Harmonie festival hall was rebuilt by 1958, and the site of the former synagogue was built over with a cinema and commercial building.
On July 18, 1970, the old city theater was blown up, so that by 1978 the course of the street at the north end towards Weinsberger Straße could be straightened. This straight line of the avenue was one of the major urban civil engineering works, the costs for this amounted to around 9 million DM. The old public swimming pool at the southern end of the avenue was demolished in 1972, it gave way to the Wollhauszentrum with a modern bus station.
With the creation of the pedestrian zone in the area of Sülmerstrasse and Fleiner Strasse from late 1971, the remaining north-south through traffic was relocated from the area of the historic old town to the avenue. By 1977 the pedestrian zones took up around 20,000 square meters.
In June 1971, the first pedestrian tunnel with escalator was opened on the avenue with the avenue underpass from the Hafenmarktpassage zur Harmonie. A larger underpass with rows of shops on Kaiser- / Moltkestrasse was completed in the following month. In 1973 the SDR opened a regional studio in the shopping center on the Allee. The new Heilbronn city theater was built in 1982 on the wasteland at Berliner Platz . The actual Berliner Platz, which became traffic-free after 1970 due to the change in traffic management, lay fallow for a long time and was then built over with the Theaterforum K3, which opened in 2001.
In 1978 an approximately 70 meter long underpass was added at Berliner Platz and in 1980 another underpass with rows of shops at the height of the main post office. The two underpasses at Harmonie have now been closed again, also because of the expansion of the light rail over the avenue, as has the main post office underpass in 2009 for cost reasons.
In 2011, work began on the north branch of the Heilbronn Stadtbahn , which now runs along the northern avenue. In the course of the construction work, historical remains of the wall were uncovered in September 2012. Since the opening of the new line in December 2013, the Stadtbahn has been running on the sides of the avenue north of Kaiserstraße between the lane and the pedestrian area and serves the Harmonie / Kunsthalle (out of town) and Harmonie / Hafenmarktpassage (into town) stops at the Harmonie level .
Movie theater on the avenue
In the 1980s there were up to 18 cinemas in Heilbronn an der Allee:
- Shopping center: Apollo, Astoria, Cinema, Corso, two porn cinemas: Cockpit, Club Astral (all closed)
- Allee 16: Luxor, Savoy, Scala (old name: Smoky), Studio Linse (all closed since October 4, 2001, buildings have since been demolished)
- Allee 4: Universum, City, Cherie, Bambi (closed, then reopened as "Universum Arthaus Kinos 1 - 4" in summer 2007, the cinemas moved in August 2016 to the Marra-Haus on the corner of Kaiserstraße / Obere Neckarstraße, meanwhile closed)
- Backside Allee 4: Metropol, Domino, Roxy, MiniMet (all closed on July 28, 2000, buildings have since been demolished)
Striking buildings on the avenue
The avenue extends from the Heilbronn Theater, built in 1982, in the north to the Wollhauszentrum, which opened in 1974, with a bus station in the south. The theater and wool house are both west of the avenue. In between, on the east side of the street, is the Harmonie concert and congress center with city garden, which was modernized in 2001 and which is connected to the intersection with Kaiserstraße and Moltkestraße, where, in addition to a tram stop, there are also three bank buildings with corresponding architecture: BW-Bank (1952), Dresdner Bank (1952) and Volksbank Heilbronn (1993). Other conspicuous buildings on the avenue are the 14-storey shopping house from 1971 as well as some striking commercial buildings from the 1950s, including the Kost building (today Sparda Bank) next to the Harmonie with its unusually long shop window front for the time, the Heilbronner Voice high-rise from 1957 and the Barthel department store (later: Krauss fashion house).
The former main post office was built around 1930 as the third post office ( Neue Post ) and was expanded to the main post office after the Second World War to replace the destroyed old main post on the Neckar. Due to the severe war damage to the city, there are practically no old buildings on the avenue.
| address | description | image |
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| Avenue 28 | Concert and congress center Harmonie with Vogelmann art gallery |
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| Berliner Platz 1 | Heilbronn Theater |
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| Avenue 11 | BW bank |
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| Kaiserstrasse 37 | Commerzbank (formerly Dresdner Bank ) |
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| 16-20 ave | Volksbank Heilbronn |
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| Former Main post |
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| Avenue 16 | Old Jaeger cinemas (demolished in 2011, built over with the Volksbank extension) |
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| Avenue 18 | Allee 18 (demolished in 2011, built over with the Volksbank extension) |
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| Avenue 40 | High-rise shopping |
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| House fare |
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| Avenue 2 | Heilbronn Voice skyscraper |
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| At the wool house 1 | Wool house |
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| Avenue 4 | Old Bott cinemas (former location of the Heilbronn synagogue ) |
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| Kilianstrasse 14-20 | Barthel Department Store |
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Individual evidence
- ^ Kilian Krauth: New crossing on the avenue: Postpassage closes in March 2009 . In: Heilbronner Voice of April 7, 2008.
- ↑ http://www.stimme.de/heilbronn/stadtbahn-nord/now-doch-Mauerreste-historisch-relevant;art74595,2575719
literature
- Roland Reitmann: The avenue in Heilbronn. Functional change in a street . Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1971, DNB 457920262 . ( Small series of publications from the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 2)
- Kilian Krauth: Heilbronner Allee goes strange ways . In: Heilbronn voice . December 23rd, 2009 ( at Stimme.de ; there also a video time travel through Heilbronner Allee ).
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 33 ″ N , 9 ° 13 ′ 21 ″ E