General Poor's Institution (Hamburg)
The Hamburger Allgemeine Armenanstalt was an organization for poor relief and poor relief in Hamburg . In 1920 it was absorbed by the newly created welfare office (today: Authority for Labor, Social Affairs, Family and Integration ), and its former assets in the foundation special fund, which still exists today and is administered by the authority .
purpose
The Allgemeine Armenanstalt guaranteed medical care for the poor , their support during pregnancy and childbirth as well as education and work for the children of the poor. In contrast to the church care for the poor, which had hitherto been practiced under moral and ethical aspects, the reform started with the concrete economic needs of those affected. The company's costs were raised through donations to churches and weekly poor gatherings. As a result, the number of inmates in the Hamburg factory and prison dropped drastically.
founding
The general poor institution was initiated in 1788 by the businessman Caspar Voght , the head of the commercial academy Johann Georg Büsch and the lawyer Johann Arnold Günther . Voght had already come into contact with the prison system in 1770 when he led the English prison reformer John Howard through the Hamburg penitentiary on behalf of and as his father's deputy. Since then he has had a keen interest in issues relating to the poor and prison.
organization
The highest body of the general poor institution was the large college of the poor. He owned seven members of the rate or the Senate of Hamburg , two members of the Quorum of the Oberaltenburg , the 21 heads of the poor districts that treasury managers and provisors (administrator) of the almshouses .
The Small College of the Poor was composed of the same members, but without the custodian administrators and the provisional agents.
The poor college had various deputations as sub-organizations, to which special tasks of poor relief were assigned.
The school convention supervised the lessons for the poor. This looked after four school districts. Each neighborhood had a preacher who oversaw the schools belonging to its district. In this way, 2,600 children were educated free of charge in 1827, the teachers were paid through the preacher's school.
The city was divided into six main districts, headed by a poor gentleman and two district chiefs. The main districts were divided into twelve quarters each, each cared for by two poor carers. Each district had at least one doctor for the poor, at least one doctor for the poor and several pharmacists for the poor. There was an alphabetical index of all streets, Twieten , and corridors of the city and the suburb of St. Georg with details of the poor district and the poor quarter to which they belonged.
“All honorary posts in the poor = institution, those of the headmaster, carer, etc., are administered completely free of charge; - although many of them are associated with immense toil. "
Supraregional role model effect
Voght's successes in the fight against poverty had an impact far beyond Hamburg. In 1801 the emperor called him to Vienna to report on his measures and to submit proposals for a reform of the Viennese poor system. For his services, he gave Voght the title of imperial baron and raised him to the nobility. During a stay in Berlin in the winter of 1802/03, Voght wrote at the request of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. Report on the Berlin poor system. During a stay of several months in Paris in 1807, on behalf of the French Ministry of the Interior, he prepared reports on the condition of the Parisian poor, orphanages, maternity homes and prisons. In addition, he reformed the poor system in Marseille and Lyon and sent his reform concepts to Lisbon and Porto.
The general poor institution in Elberfeld followed the example of Hamburg in 1800, but had to close again in 1816 due to insufficient donations .
Other institutions in Hamburg
literature
- Dirk Brietzke : The beginnings of modern social policy and training to work hard. On the importance of the factory and prison for the reforms of the Hamburg poor system in the 18th century. In: Communications of the Hamburg Working Group for Regional History (HAR 30) 1997, pp. 38–46.
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About the Hamburg Poor Institute from 1788–1794. In a letter from Baron von Voght to some friends of the poor in England. 2nd edition, trans. By JJ Eschenburg. Herold and electoral staff, Lüneburg 1852 digitized
- attached Carl Wilhelm Asher : Die Hamburgische Armenanstalt 1830 , p. 41ff.
- Caspar Voght: Collected from the history of the Hamburgische Poor-Anstalt during its fifty-year duration , Meißner, Hamburg 1838, digitized
- Amandus Abendroth : Remarks on the poor institution from 1791 and 1830 . Nestler and Melle, Hamburg 1832, digitized
- Complete facilities of the new Hamburg Poor Institute , Benjamin Gottlob Hoffmann, Hamburg 1788, digitized
Individual evidence
- ^ Klaus David: The special fund foundation in Hamburg. A corporation law hamburger . In: NordÖR . tape 2016 , no. 4 , 2016, p. 140-145 .
- ↑ Hamburg as it was and is: Or origin, development, existence, description of the place, government, customs, customs and peculiarities of Hamburg and its area , 1827, p. 136
- ↑ Renate Hauschild-Thiessen, About the Hamburg national character in: German Gender Book, Volume 127, 1979, p. 24
- ↑ In detail → Hanseat and honorary office