Poor care
The poor relief or poor relief goes in its beginnings to the first centuries BC. BC back.
Early history
The first poorhouses probably already existed in the Persian Empire at the time of Cyrus , and in Judaism it was a duty to help the poor , orphans and widows . Different cultures had a tithe that was used for social purposes.
Researchers at the University of Münster have deciphered the oldest Hebrew text to date outside the Bible . A clay tablet around 3000 years old deals with social legislation and how foreigners, widows and orphans should be protected.
Christianity
According to Acts 2 and 4, a general community of property was maintained in the early Jerusalem community in order to provide for the poor and to be able to receive them on an equal basis. The Acts of the Apostles reports about it in several places, but also about violations of it.
From the Middle Ages , the care was taken over by various orders such as the Crusaders (especially Johanniter and Teutonic Order ), the Franciscans or Ursulines . Many cities and parishes had poor boxes or other facilities for their “housebreakers”. The establishment of poor houses and hospitals was also a major concern of reform-minded rulers such as Emperor Joseph II . It was later partly taken up by social reformers , but also by socially minded princes and governors . An example of the latter is the Bohemian governor Karl Chotek von Chotkow , who around 1830 made a name for himself not only by promoting the general school system but also by establishing institutions for poor relief.
Modern times
In the times of need of the 20th century , this area also included ration cards , after 1945 withdrawals (e.g. from the US occupation forces ), rations for families and pensioners, and recreational stays for children. With the development of the welfare state , such achievements as general health care, health and pension funds, and family allowances became a matter of course. Today the “social network” in most industrialized countries is tightly knit, but suffers from financial bottlenecks. As a result, there are conflicting demands for personal provision versus a basic income or for company pensions and a minimum wage .
In developing countries , on the other hand, the family association is still the most important form of protection against extreme poverty, followed by religiously motivated aid organizations (missions, development cooperation, etc.) and development aid .
See also
- Poor doctor , poor house , poverty , poverty rate , food , children's aid organization
- Welfare , poor law , old people's home , homeless , nursing
- Poor Brothers of St. Francis , Sisters of Mercy , Saint Blechle
literature
- Bernhard Schneider: Christian poor relief. From the beginning to the end of the Middle Ages. A story of helping and its limits . Herder, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-451-30518-4 .
- Lukas Clemens , Alfred Haverkamp , Romy Kunert (eds.): Forms of poor relief in high and late medieval centers north and south of the Alps. (= Trier historical research. Volume 66). Kliomedia, Trier 2011, ISBN 978-3-89890-131-4 .
- Sabine Veits-Falk: Public welfare for the poor in Austria in the 19th century. In: Yearbook for research on the history of the labor movement . Issue I / 2005.
- Peter Blum: State welfare for the poor in the Duchy of Nassau 1806–1866. Historical Commission for Nassau , Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-922244-79-3 .
- Ulrich Eisenbach: Prisons, poor institutions and orphanages in Nassau. Welfare and labor education from the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century. Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-922244-95-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.livenet.ch/themen/wissen/archaeologie/217228-raetsel_geloest_3000_jahre_altes_sozialgesetz.html (accessed on June 8, 2012)