Bürgergeld

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Various concepts for regular individual state flat-rate payments to the population are referred to as citizens' money or basic income .

Until the 1970s, “Bürgergeld” was a historical term for the opposite: a payment to become a citizen of a city. The modern use comes from the economists Wolfram Engels , Joachim Mitschke and Bernd Starkloff , who in 1974 presented a concept for Germany that was based on the idea of ​​a negative income tax propagated by Milton Friedman since the 1960s . According to this, the tax office would deduct a lump sum from each taxpayer's tax liability and, if the final amount was negative, pay it out instead of demanding it.

The models of “citizens' money” differ in particular with regard to the conditions of need and willingness to work that are linked to the payment .

Unconditional basic income

Every citizen receives the unconditional basic income regardless of need and willingness to work from the state.

There are different models, these include (differentiated according to funding):

Liberal citizen money

The Liberals Bürgergeld receives every citizen depends on need and willingness to work paid by the state.

The Liberal Bürgergeld is the summary of all direct state social transfers . It should therefore only be paid out in the event of need and willingness to work or incapacity for work after an appropriate examination.

In the case of higher income, it should be offset in the sense of a negative income tax. The tax office should carry out this check and also the payments of the citizens' money. The ancillary wage costs are reduced overall and the state bureaucracy is streamlined.

According to the FDP, it should trigger a positive economic impulse in the social market economy. There should also be an increased individual income incentive in that additional income is credited less than in today's social security systems.

Self-determined employment should be promoted and the quality of life increased. In addition, higher tax exemptions are taken into account in the case of one's own earned income and the citizen's allowance is reduced in the event of unfounded rejection of work or social commitment.

SPD citizens' money

In February 2019, the SPD party executive decided on a discussion paper according to which the party would campaign for the abolition of unemployment benefit II (" Hartz IV "), once introduced by the red-green coalition in 2005 , and to replace it with a new social benefit. It should be called "Bürgergeld". The main difference to unemployment benefit II is that the citizens' benefit proposed by the SPD only intervenes after a significantly extended entitlement to unemployment benefit I and provides a two-year grace period for the crediting of assets and the housing inspection. For example, the Koblenz social scientist Stefan Sell judges: "The citizens' money is just a semantic re-labeling".

literature

Alphabetical

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Web presence ( Memento of the original from May 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on this study from 1974 with the original as a PDF file, on p. 14 “Bürgergeld”; Bürgergeld ( Memento of the original from May 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : What's this? by Helmut Pelzer 11/99 (uni-ulm.de) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.staatsbuergersteuer.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-ulm.de
  2. ↑ Michael Borchard (eds.), Dieter Althaus, Michael Opielka, Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn, Alexander Spermann, Joachim Fetzer, Michael Schramm, Matthias Schäfer: The Solidarity Citizens' Money - Analyzes of a Reform Idea . Lucius & Lucius Verlagsges. mbH Stuttgart, Stuttgart February 27, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8282-0393-8 , pp. 41–54 (accessed on December 6, 2016).
  3. ↑ Luke Haywood: Unconditional Basic Income: An Economic Perspective . German Institute for Economic Research eV - 08/21/2014. Retrieved on December 6, 2016.
  4. ↑ Netzeitung : What the FDP understands by citizenship money ( Memento of July 4th, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). October 6, 2009
  5. ^ Closed conference: SPD board unanimously resolves Hartz IV departure . In: Spiegel Online . February 10, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed February 12, 2019]).
  6. ^ A new welfare state for a new time. SPD, February 10, 2019, accessed on February 12, 2019 .
  7. ^ SPD plans for citizens' money. Social scientist: Nothing will change for many unemployed @ deutschlandfunk.de, February 11, 2019, accessed on February 15, 2019
  8. ↑ not Martin Exner , director of the Institute for Hygiene and Public Health
  9. ↑ https://www.twentysix.de/shop/das-bedingungslose-grundeinkommen-martin-exner-9783740747664