Allobates wayuu
| Allobates wayuu | ||||||||||||
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| Allobates wayuu | ||||||||||||
| ( Acosta-Galvis , Cuentas & Coloma , 1999) |
Allobates wayuu is a scientifically described frog from the family Aromobatidae that was discovered in 1999; initially the type was still as Colostethus wayuu to the poison dart frogs have been found (Dendrobatidae). The very small animals can only be found in a narrow rainforest area in the extreme northeast of Colombia .
features
The frogs have a head-trunk length of 15.8 to 19.7 millimeters for the females and 13.6 to 16.1 millimeters for the males. The head is approximately ovoid when viewed from above. The width of the head is around 85 to 100 percent of its length for the males and 80 to 102 percent for the females, the length of the head is 33 to 45 percent of the head-trunk length. The relatively large eye measures 68 to 100 percent (males) or 63 to 114 percent (females) of the length of the head.
The medium-sized front feet are two-thirds of the length of the head. The fingers vary in length, with the third being the longest, followed by the fourth, second, and first fingers, although the first finger can occasionally be as large as the second. The male's third finger is proportionally longer than that of the female. The nostrils and lips are not highlighted.
The hind legs are 41 to 56 percent (females) or 47 to 55 percent (males) of the head-torso length, of which the feet make up the largest part (40 to 53% of the head-torso length). Between the first and second toe, the lack webbing between the other it is still rudimentary.
The adhesive discs of all the fingers and toes are widened with the exception of the third finger and the fourth toe and have a diameter of about one third of a finger member. There are medium-sized skin bulges on the second finger and fourth toe, and there are small nodules on the palms of the hands. An externally visible fold at the tarsus is missing.
The back of the head and trunk are coffee-brown, the extremities are cream-colored, and the hind legs are patterned with dark-coffee-brown lines. The sides are also dark coffee brown, there is a cream-colored band-shaped drawing between the belly and the side, another barely protruding between the back and the side in some specimens, a line-shaped drawing on the side is oblique and short. The upper lip is light cream in color. The throat and abdominal region are cream-colored and pale gray-coffee-colored, the adhesive discs are dark brown, the testicles white.
distribution and habitat
Allobates wayuu is a species that occurs only in a mountain forest in the Parque Nacional Natural de Macuira on the Guajira Peninsula in the extreme northeast of Colombia (Sierranía Macuira, Departamento La Guajira ) at altitudes between 210 and 780 meters. The approximately 243 square kilometer distribution area is in one Rainforest area surrounded by dry forests. Due to the isolated habitat, further occurrences are currently considered unlikely.
Way of life
The entire population gathers in the “El Chorro” gorge during the dry season in August. There the animals can be found under rocks in the immediate vicinity of pools and temporary small bodies of water that still carry residual water from the rainy season . In the mating season, the males show a pronounced territorial behavior and fight for the females. To call, they climb on exposed stones or boulders in order to benefit from an improved call control room . Mating takes place mainly in the morning hours. The clutches are deposited in moist hollows covered with leaves, where the embryonic development then takes place. The hatched tadpoles are then carried on their backs by the males to streams and pools, where they continue their larval development up to metamorphosis .
The animals are relatively common in the rainy season. They can be found in groups in the neighboring forests, the males carrying the tadpoles with them on their backs.
Status and exposure
By the World Conservation Union IUCN was Allobates wayuu 2001 "at risk" because of its extremely limited distribution area as ( vulnerable classified). Since the area is located in a national park and the area bordering the protected area is only sparsely populated, there is currently no threat to the frogs.
In the IUCN Red List , however, there are numerous tropical frogs whose populations have declined over the past 20 years, some inexplicably in a very short period of time. Panama , Ecuador , Colombia and Venezuela are particularly affected here , where several Atelopus and other frogfish species are already classified as "lost". Direct encroachments on the habitats are less of a suspicion for the disappearance. In this context, the American herpetologist Andrew Blaustein discusses the current global warming as one of the possible causes . The increased UV-B radiation around the world in particular can be very damaging to amphibians. For the mostly diurnal dendrobatids, this could play a role.
Systematics
The species was first described in 1999 by Andrés Acosta-Galvis, Daniel Cuentas and Luis Coloma under the name Colostethus wayuu . The species epithet honors the Wayúu ethnic group living on the Guajira Peninsula . The species was placed in the family group of Colostethus inguinalis by the descriptors .
As part of an extensive phylogenetic revision of the Dendrobatidae family , it was proposed in 2006 to transfer the species to the Allobates genus and, due to the simultaneous division of the family, to assign it to the newly created Aromobatidae .
supporting documents
- Allobates wayuu on Amphibiaweb (English)
- AR Acosta, D. A. Cuentas, L. A. Coloma: Una nueva especie de Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) de la región del Caribe de Colombia. In: Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (Special Suppl.). 23, 1999, pp. 225-230.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Allobates wayuu in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Andrés Acosta-Galvis, Taran Grant, 2004. Retrieved on November 6 in 2009.
- ↑ Taran Grant, Darrel R. Frost, Janalee P. Caldwell, Ron Gagliardo, Célio F. B. Haddad, Philippe J. R. Kok, D. Bruce Means, Brice P. Noonan, Walter E. Schargel, Ward C. Wheeler: Phylogenetic systematics of dart- poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia, Athesphatanura, Dendrobatidae). (PDF; 12.5 MB) In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299, 2006.