Antioquia Andean Hummingbird
| Antioquia Andean Hummingbird | ||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Coeligena orina | ||||||||||
| Wetmore , 1953 |
The Antioquia Andean hummingbird ( Coeligena orina ), also known as the green musketeer , is a rare species of hummingbird from the genus of the forest nymphs ( Coeligena ). It is endemic to Colombia .
description
The Antioquia Andean Hummingbird used to be a subspecies of the gold-bellied musketeer ( Coeligena bonapartei ). However, due to the morphological differences and the darker coloration, it is now regarded as an independent species. It reaches a length of fourteen centimeters and a weight of seven grams. The male has shiny plumage. The coat is velvet black. The back and the wing covers are green. The upper back is dull black. The color on the lower back is green and turns into a bright, bright yellow-green on the rump and the upper tail feathers. The tail is green. The throat and chest are dark green and tinged with black. The center of the throat is characterized by a large, bright blue spot. The head is velvet black. The forehead is shimmering blue-green to gold-green. The thin straight black beak is 33 mm long. The eyes are dark brown. The legs and feet are black. In the female, the head, coat and elytra are green. The feathers have black tips and give the plumage a scale-like appearance. Cheeks and throat are beige and cinnamon in color. A green line can be seen between the yellow-brown area under the eyes and the throat. The rump, tail and tail-coverts are more dull in color than in the male. The belly is yellow-green, but more dull in color than in the male.
habitat
The Antioquia Andean hummingbird inhabits the tree line between Páramo and Elfenwald as well as the adjacent wet forest at altitudes of 3100 to 3500 m. Elven forests are mountain cloud forests with gnarled, stunted trees covered with mosses and lichens.
Way of life
The Antioquian Andean hummingbird feeds on wasps, spiders, two-winged birds, and flower nectar. Nothing is known about its breeding biology.
status
The Antioquia Andean Hummingbird was discovered by Melbourne Armstrong Carriker in 1951 and described by Alexander Wetmore in 1953 . For a long time it was only known from the type specimen until it was rediscovered in August 2004 by the Danish ornithologist Niels Krabbe in the remains of the forest on the slopes of the Páramo Frontino and the Farallones del Citará in north-western Colombia . Its habitat covers an area of 25 km². The region on the Páramo Frontino has rich gold , copper and zinc deposits , but the political instability in the region has prevented exploitation of the resources so far. The area is currently unprotected and threatened by deforestation . In 2005, the Colombian nature conservation organization Fundacion ProAves declared 5000 acres of wet forest on the Páramo Frontino a bird reserve, which is, however, insufficiently protected. BirdLife International estimates the population to be less than 250 specimens.
etymology
The word "Coeligena" is derived from the Latin words "coelum or caelum" for "heaven" and "genus" for "descendant". "Orina" is made up of the Greek prefix "o- ο- " as a reinforcement or accentuation of "rhis, rhinos ῥις, ῥινος " for "nose". A second derivation could be the Greek “oreinos ορεινος ” for “mountain dwellers”.
literature
- Alexander Wetmore: Further Additions to the Birds of Panamá and Colombia . In: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . tape 122 , no. 8 , 1953, pp. 1-12 ( online [accessed June 23, 2012]).
- Erik Hirschfeld: The Rare Birds Yearbook 2008 . MagDig Media Ltd., Shrewsbury 2001, ISBN 0-9552607-3-6 .
- Niels Krabbe, Pablo Flórez, Gustavo Suárez, José Castaño, Juan David Arango, Paulo César Pulgarín-Restrepo, Wilmar Andrés Múnera Puerta, Frank Gary Stiles, Paul Salaman: Rediscovery of the Dusky Starfrontlet Coeligena orina, with a description of the adult plumages and a reassessment of its taxonomic status . In: Ornitología Colombiana . No. 3 , 2005, p. 28–35 ( online [PDF; 3.5 MB ; accessed on January 9, 2016]).
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
Web links
- Coeligena orina inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.1. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Glittering Starfrontlet ( Coeligena orina ) . Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Glittering Starfrontlet (Coeligena orina) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Antioquian Andean Hummingbird ( Coeligena orina ) from Avibase; accessed on May 27, 2019.
- Coeligena orina in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved on 2019-05-27.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Antioquia Andean Hummingbird ( Coeligena orina )
- Glittering Starfrontlet (Coeligena orina) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Accessed May 27, 2019.