Forest nymphs
| Forest nymphs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chest-band Andean Hummingbird ( Coeligena torquata ) |
||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Coeligena | ||||||||||
| Lesson , 1832 |
The forest nymphs ( Coeligena ), sometimes referred to as the musketeer hummingbirds , are medium-sized, fast-flying hummingbirds that inhabit the Andean highlands.
features
Forest nymphs reach a height of 11 to 14.5 centimeters and a weight of 6 to 8 grams. They have 28 to 34 mm long, straight, almost needle-like beaks. There is a sexual dimorphism in terms of beak length . Most species have a small white spot behind the eye. While they hardly differ in body structure and proportions, the color of the different parts of the plumage is very diverse.
species
A distinction is made between 11 species, the total distribution of which extends from northeastern Venezuela to central Bolivia. Some species (e.g. Coeligena coeligena and Coeligena torquata ) are widespread, while others (e.g. Coeligena prunellei and Coeligena orina ) have very limited spatial occurrences. Some species occur in the mountainous regions of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia and in the Cordillera del Condor in Ecuador .
The International Ornithological Committee currently accepts the following species:
- Bronze Andes Hummingbird or Himmelsmusketier ( Coeligena Coeligena )
- Brown Andean Hummingbird or King Musketeer ( Coeligena wilsoni )
- Blue- shouldered Andean hummingbird or black musketeer ( Coeligena prunellei )
-
Chest-band Andean hummingbird or tie musketeer ( Coeligena torquata )
- Incaand hummingbird ( Coeligena torquata inca ) (considered a separate species until 2008)
- Andean white-tailed hummingbird or white-tailed musketeer ( Coeligena phalerata )
-
Gold-bellied musketeer or gold-bellied Andean hummingbird ( Coeligena bonapartei )
- Golden Sand Hummingbird ( Coeligena bonapartei eos ) (until 2008 considered as a separate species)
- Antioquian Andean Hummingbird or Green Musketeer ( Coeligena orina )
- Rose-bellied Andean hummingbird or blue-throated musketeer ( Coeligena helianthea )
- Pale-winged Andean hummingbird or brown -winged musketeer ( Coeligena lutetiae )
- Violet- throated Andean Hummingbird ( Coeligena violifer )
- Green-red Andean Hummingbird ( Coeligena iris )
Foraging
Their diet consists of insects, spiders and flower nectar from forage plants at medium altitudes, which they regularly fly to.
Systematics and Etymology
The taxonomic history of the genus Coeligena is complicated. In 1832 the genus was first described by Lesson as Ornysmia and included species (e.g. Eugenes fulgens ) that are currently only distantly related to Coeligena . The current system of forest nymphs was created by James Lee Peters in 1945. The word "Coeligena" is derived from the Latin words "coelum or caelum" for "heaven" and "genus" for "descendant".
literature
- J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliot, J. Sargatal (Eds.) (1999): Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 5: Barn-Owls to Hummingbirds . Lynx Edicions. ISBN 8487334253
- Juan L. Parra: Color evolution in Andean hummingbirds , dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley, ProQuest, 2008
- Catalina Palacios, Silvana García-Rivadeneira, Juan Luis Parra, Andres Mauricio Cuervo Maya, Frank Garfield Stiles III, John Edward McCormack, Carlos Daniel Cadena: Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds . In: bioRxiv . No. 249755 , January 18, 2018, doi : 10.1101 / 249755 .
- Catalina Palacios, Silvana García-Rivadeneira, Juan Luis Parra, Andres Mauricio Cuervo Maya, Frank Garfield Stiles III, John Edward McCormack, Carlos Daniel Cadena: Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds . In: The Auk . tape 136 , no. 1 , August 30, 2019, p. 1–21 , doi : 10.1093 / auk / ukz046 .
- Catalina Palacios, Leonardo Campagna, Juan Luis Parra, ´Carlos Daniel Cadena: Complete mitochondrial genomes do not distinguish phenotypically distinct lineages of Andean Coeligena hummingbirds . In: bioRxiv . No. 2020.04.14.041723 , April 16, 2020, doi : 10.1101 / 2020.04.14.041723v1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ IOC Version 4.2
- ↑ James Lee Peters: Checklist of Birds of the World , Volume 5, 1945
- ↑ James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 . P. 112