Green-red Andean hummingbird

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Green-red Andean hummingbird
Green-red Andean hummingbird

Green-red Andean hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Brilliants (Coeligini)
Genre : Forest nymphs ( Coeligena )
Type : Green-red Andean hummingbird
Scientific name
Coeligena iris
( Gould , 1853)

The green and red Andean hummingbird ( Coeligena iris ) or sometimes also aurora musketeer is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that occurs in Ecuador and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The green-red Andean hummingbird reaches a body length of about 12.5 to 15 cm, with a weight of about 6.7 to 8.8 g for males and about 6.0 to 8.1 g for females. The male has a long straight black beak. The black head has a fiery, glittering yellow-green front upper head, a color that changes into golden yellow to blue. There is a white spot behind the eye. The top is blackish with a green tinge. The back area of ​​the top is chestnut colored. The throat glitters emerald green and has purple spots. The rear area of ​​the underside and the under tail-coverts are chestnut-colored. The forked tail is evenly chestnut colored. The female is similar to the male, but has a longer beak and the overall coloration is less metallic. The tail is less forked. Young birds are similar in color to the females.

Behavior and nutrition

The green-red Andean hummingbird draws its nectar from a large number of flowering plants of the genera Embothrium from the family of silver trees , fuchsias , violet bushes , Mutisia from the daisy family , sage , Tillandsia and the species Siphocampylos giganteus . As a trapliner, it flies to flowers of these plants in quick succession. Occasionally it has also been observed in eucalyptus . He hunts insects in flight.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the green and red Andean hummingbird is from November to January. The cup-shaped nest consists of moss, lichen and a few small twigs. They line this with soft plant material such as fibers and bromeliad seeds . The nest is attached to a small forked branch. Otherwise little is known about the breeding behavior.

Vocalizations

The singing consists of a thin, metallic chatter. Growing and flattening rattles and beeping tones are also part of the repertoire that he often emits during high-speed hunts in flight. It also emits individual tsit and tip tones.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the green-red Andean hummingbird

The green-red Andean hummingbird prefers the edges of damp and drier cloud forests , gardens and floodplain scrub at altitudes between 1700 and 3300 meters. In Peru, in the Huascarán National Park , it has even been observed at 4000 meters. It looks for its food in the relatively deep strata 2 to 4 meters above the ground.

Subspecies

So far, six subspecies are known:

  • Coeligena iris hesperus ( Gould , 1865) occurs in south-central Ecuador. The male has a dark golden skull with a blue central stripe. The back is golden green, the underside green with small purple throat spots. The tail is chestnut colored with bronze tips. The female looks more dull in color on the back of the head and the top.
  • Coeligena iris iris ( Gould , 1853) is common in the Loja province and the Piura region.
  • Coeligena iris aurora ( Gould , 1853) occurs in the province of Cajamarca and the province of Cutervo . The male has a turquoise skull with golden feather tips. The nape of the neck is black, the rest of the top is light chestnut in color. The chin and throat are turquoise, the rest of the underside is light chestnut. The females are similar but have a slightly less fiery hue.
  • Coeligena iris flagrans Zimmer, JT , 1951 is common in the northwest of the Cajamarca region. The subspecies is similar to the nominate form , but the neck and back are copper-colored and the back of the skull has a red tint.
  • Coeligena iris eva ( Salvin , 1897) is common in the south of the Cajamarca region and the La Libertad region. The male has a yellowish green front skull, the middle of the skull is dark purple. The neck and back are copper colored. The chin, throat and chest are emerald green. The purple throat patches are missing. The rest of the underside is chestnut colored. The females are copper-colored green on the head. The underside is lighter than that of the male.
  • Coeligena iris fulgidiceps ( Simon , 1921) is distributed east of the Río Marañón . The subspecies is similar to the nominate form, but the neck and back are blacker. In general, the color looks a bit darker chestnut.

The species Coeligena warszewizii , named by Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach in 1854 , which is a synonym for C. i. aurora stands because both were published almost at the same time and no exact publication dates are known. Diphlogaena iris hypocrita Simon , 1921, is a synonym for C. i. fulgidiceps .

migration

The migration behavior of the green-red Andean hummingbird has not yet been researched. But it is assumed that he is a resident .

Etymology and history of research

The green-red Andean hummingbird was first described in 1853 by John Gould under the scientific name Helianthea Iris . The type specimens had Gould of Józef Warszewicz (1812-1866), who had collected them on the eastern slopes of the Andes. Later he was assigned to the genus Coeligena , which had been introduced in 1833 by René Primevère Lesson . »Coeligena« is derived from the Latin words »coelum or caelum« for »heaven« and »genus« for »descendant«. The species name »iris« is derived from the Greek »iris, iridos ιρις, ιριδος « for »rainbow«. It was Iris from Greek mythology who personified the rainbow. The Latin »aurora« means »dawn, east«. The Greek »hesperos ἑσπερος « means »evening star, west«. »Flagrans« is derived from »flagrantis, flagrare« for »shining, burning, flaming«. It is not clear from his description to whom Salvin dedicated "eva", but it could be that he dedicated the name Eva Mary Godman (1895–1965), the daughter of his friend Frederick DuCane Godman . "Fulgidiceps" is a Latin combination of "fulgidus, fulgere" for "glitter, shine" and "-ceps, caput, capitis" for "-headed, capped, head". »Warszewizii« is dedicated to the aforementioned collector Józef Warszewicz. »Hypocrita« is derived from the Greek »hypokritēs ὑποκριτης « for »actor, declamator«.

literature

  • Thomas Züchner, Eduardo de Juana, Peter Boesman, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Rainbow Starfrontlet (Coeligena iris) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • John Gould: Description of five new species of Humming Birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 21 , no. 251 , 1853, pp. 61-62 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Description of Diphlogæna Hesperus, a new species of the family Trochilidæ . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology (being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History). (=  3 ). tape 15 , 1865, p. 129 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Todd Zimmer : Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 60, The genera Heliodoxa, Phlogophilus, Urosticte, Polyplancta, Adelomyia, Coeligena, Ensifera, Oreotrochilus and Topaza . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1513 , 1951, pp. 1–45 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 4.1 MB ]).
  • Osbert Salvin: Mr. Salvin Osbert sent the following descriptions of two new species of Humming-Birds, specimens of which had been obtained by Mr. OT Baron during his recent expedition to Peru . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 6 , no. 52 , 1897, pp. 30-31 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Eugène Simon: Histoire naturelle des Trochilidae (synopsis et catalog) . L. Mulo, Paris 1921 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach: Enumeration of the hummingbirds or trochilids in their true natural relationship with key to their synonymy . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 2 , special issue, 1854, p. 1-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Les Trochilidées ou les Colibris et Les Oiseaux-Mouches Suivis d'un index général dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genere Trochilus. Ouvrage orné de planches dessinées et gravées par les meilleurs artistes 66 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1834-1835).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson, Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .

Web links

Commons : Green-red Andean Hummingbird ( Coeligena iris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Thomas Züchner u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ^ John Gould (1865), p. 129.
  4. ↑ a b c John Gould (1853), p. 61.
  5. ^ John Todd Zimmer (1951), p. 32.
  6. ↑ a b Osbert Salvin, p. 30
  7. ^ Eugène Simon (1921), pp. 175 & 364.
  8. ↑ a b Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach, p. 23
  9. ^ Eugène Simon (1921), pp. 174 & 364.
  10. ↑ René Primevère Lesson, p. XVIII.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 112.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 207.
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 62.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 190.
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 160.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 165.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 199.

Remarks

  1. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 120-121. Pages XVII-XXXII of the index appeared in September 1833.
  2. ↑ Lesson assigned the following species to the genus: blue- throated nymph ( Lampornis clemenciae ( Lesson , 1830)), bronze and Indian hummingbird ( Coeligena coeligena ( Lesson , 1833)), violet-crown brilliant hummingbird ( Eugenes fulgens ( Swainson , 1827)) ( Rivolii Ornismya ).