Chest band Andean hummingbird

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chest band Andean hummingbird
Chest-band Andean Hummingbird (♂)

Chest-band Andean Hummingbird (♂)

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Forest nymphs ( Coeligena )
Type : Chest band Andean hummingbird
Scientific name
Coeligena torquata
( Boissonneau , 1840)

The chest band Andean hummingbird ( Coeligena torquata ), sometimes also called the tie musketeer, is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Bolivia, Peru , Ecuador , Colombia and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Chest-band Andean Hummingbird (♀)

The chest band Andean hummingbird reaches a body length of about 11 centimeters and has a straight, narrow, 33 millimeter long beak. The upper side of the male is predominantly black; in the back of the back and on the rump , the color changes to dark, shiny green. There is a purple spot on the crown, a small white spot behind the eyes. The throat is dark blue-green.

A white band runs across the chest. The rest of the bottom is black with a satin green. The central control feathers are black-green, the outer ones white with black flecks.

The female has a glossy green top. The green throat is interspersed with white feathers. The white band is narrower than in the male, but still relatively conspicuous. The rear part of the underside is gray with green, lamellar spots. The tail is similar to that of the male. There is no stain on the crown.

distribution and habitat

The species occurs on moist forest edges and in the adjacent bush vegetation at altitudes between 1800 and 3000 meters. The typical habitat of the hummingbird belongs to the subtropical and temperate climate zone.

behavior

The bird is more of a loner. You can often see it foraging near epiphytes . He likes to build his nest on stones that are covered by ferns. It feeds mainly on flower nectar. He is a relatively active but calm contemporary. When eating, certain forage plants fly more or less specifically and regularly. So it buzzes in front of the flower crowns of climbing and creeping plants like the Cavendishias, which belong to the primitive family of the heather plants .

Subspecies

Distribution area of ​​the Andean Chest Hummingbird

So far, six subspecies are known, which differ mainly in their coloration and distribution area.

  • Coeligena torquata torquata ( Boissonneau , 1840) - Comes in the Andes of northwestern Venezuela in the state of Táchira via Colombia to eastern Ecuador and northern Peru. Nominate form
  • Coeligena torquata conradii ( Bourcier , 1847) - Lives in the Andes northwest of Venezuela in the states of Trujillo and Mérida and the east of Colombia. In contrast to the nominate form, the male has a shimmering top. Glittering green crown and upper throat area. The tail has golden-green speckles. In the female upper part of the throat yellow-brown.
  • Coeligena torquata fulgidigula ( Gould , 1854) - Widespread on the western slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. Crown black like the top with only a small blue spot. Throat a little lighter than nominated.
  • Coeligena torquata margaretae Zimmer , 1948 - Occurs in the Andes of northern Peru in the province of Chachapoyas . In contrast to the nominate form, there are two metallic colored spots on the head that are separated by a black frame. The throat a bit lighter and greener than the nominate shape.
  • Coeligena torquata insectivora ( Tschudi , 1844) - Is present in the Andes of central Peru. Belly and back noticeably greener than the nominate shape. Similar head marks as in margaretae
  • Coeligena torquata eisenmanni Weske , 1985 - Native to southern Peru in the Cordillera de Vilcabamba . In contrast to the nominate shape, it has a copper-colored tail cover. Males blackish on the sides of the face.

According to the most recently published studies, there are only 4 recognized subspecies: torquata, fulgidigula, margaretae, insectivora , while conradii and eisenmanni are now listed as separate species.

Etymology and history of research

Auguste Boissonneau described the Andean Hummingbird under the name Ornismia torquata . The type specimen was delivered from Santafé de Bogotá. It was later assigned to the genus Coeligena , which had already been described by René Primevère Lesson in 1833 or 1832 (the date of publication is disputed) .

»Coeligena« is derived from the Latin words »coelum or caelum« for »heaven« and »genus« for »descendant«. "Torquata" is Latin for "with a collar".

With "conradii" Jules Bourcier honored Conrad Loddiges, Jr. (1821–1865), who gave him a. a. had made this type copy available. John Todd Zimmer probably dedicated "margaretae" to his wife Margaret b. Thompson. The name "eisenmanni" honors the American-Panamanian ornithologist Eugene Eisenmann (1906–1981). "Fulgidigula" is a combination of the Latin words "fulgidus" for "glittering" and "gula" for "throat". The Latin word "insectivora" stands for "insect eater". "Omissa" is Latin for "left out, disregarded, overlooked" ab. After all, "inca" refers to the Incas and was often used for birds that came from Peru or Bolivia.

literature

  • Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, ISBN 0-691-08371-1 , pp. 283 f.
  • Thomas Schulenberg , Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 , p. 236.
  • Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8720-X , p. 368.
  • Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8720-X , pp. 275 f.
  • Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor : A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-691-08205-7 , p. 150.
  • Auguste Boissonneau: Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . 1840, p. 2-8 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed January 22, 2014]).
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loggiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , 1847, p. 42-47 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 13, 2012]).
  • John Seddon Weske: A New Subspecies of Collared Inca Hummingbird (Coeligena torquata) from Peru . In: Ornithological Monographs . 36, Neotropical Ornithology, 1985, pp. 40–45 , doi : 10.2307 / 40168277 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; accessed on January 22, 2014]).
  • John Gould in William Jardine, 7th Baronet of Applegarth: Contributions to Ornithology - Description of three new species of Humming-Birds . Samuel Highley, London 1852, p. 135-137 ( books.google.de [accessed June 9, 2014]).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 4 , delivery 7. Taylor and Francis, London 1854 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 22, 2013]).
  • John Todd Zimmer : Two new peruvian hummingbirds of the genus Coeligena . In: The Auk . tape 65 , no. 3 , 1948, p. 410-416 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 363 kB ; accessed on January 22, 2014]).
  • Johann Jakob von Tschudi: Mammalium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraque observata vel collecta sunt in itinere . In: Archives for Natural History . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1948, p. 244-255 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed January 22, 2014]).
  • René-Primevère Lesson: Les trochilidées ou Les colibris et les oiseaux-mouches: suivis d'un index général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre trochilus . 14. Delivery. A. Bertrand, Paris 1831 ( gallica.bnf.fr [accessed January 26, 2014]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Robert Cushman Murphy , Dean Amadon : In memoriam: John Todd Zimmer . In: The Auk . tape 76 , no. 4 , 1959, pp. 418–423 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 370 kB ; accessed on January 27, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Coeligena torquata  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ a b Auguste Boissonneau, p. 6.
  3. ↑ Jules Bourcier, p. 45.
  4. ^ John Gould (1854), plate 252.
  5. ↑ John Todd Zimmer, p. 411.
  6. ↑ Johann Jakob von Tschudi, p. 298.
  7. ^ John Seddon Weske, p. 41.
  8. ↑ T. Züchner, E. de Juana, P. Boesman, GM Kirwan: Collared Inca (Coeligena torquata). In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, DA Christie, E. de Juana (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2015 ( accessed November 20, 2015 from hbw.com ).
  9. ↑ René Primevère Lesson, p. XVIII.
  10. ↑ Declaration on the publication date for zoonomes
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 112.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 388.
  13. ↑ Jules Bourcier, p. 47.
  14. ^ Robert Cushman Murphy et al. a., p. 418
  15. ^ John Seddon Weske, p. 42.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 165.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 205.
  18. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 281.
  19. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 204.