Antoine Louis
Antoine Louis (born February 13, 1723 in Metz , † May 20, 1792 in Paris ) was a French surgeon , coroner and encyclopedist .
Live and act
Louis was trained in surgery by his father, who was a doctor at the military hospital in Metz. He then went to Paris, where he served at the Hôpital Salpêtrière mental hospital . In 1743 he joined a regiment as a surgeon and was given the post of "Gagnant-mitrise" in the Salpetriere by Concurs. In the years 1744 to 1746 he became known in the professional world for his participation in award publications of the Academy of Surgery. In 1746 he became a member of the Academy of Surgery, Académie Royale de Chirurgie (1731) (see Académie nationale de Médecine ). The Académie Royale de Chirurgie was founded on December 18, 1731 in the premises of the Louvre. He played a key role in the publication of the Mémoires de l'Académie royale de chirurgie , so Louis edited a total of four of five volumes.
His first writings were a program Cours de chirurgie pratique sur les plaies d 'armes a feu (1746) and Observations sur l' electricite ... avec des remarques sur son usage (1747). His lively participation in the disputes between the doctors and surgeons gave rise to several of his writings, especially those directed against Combalusier.
This was followed by Observations et remarques sur le virus cancereux etc. (1748) and, something that had not been there for 100 years at the College of Surgeons, a Latin dissertation Positiones anatomicae et chirgicae de vulnerbis capitis, quas praes. Salv. Morand, tueri conabitur etc (1749), with whom he became maitre en surgery . He was then appointed professor of physiology and taught as such for 40 years. Louis received the position of surgeon at the Charite in 1757 , but gave up as a result of disputes with the brothers who administered this hospital and in 1760 became major surgeon consultant to the army on the Upper Rhine, with which he took part in two campaigns. In 1764, after the resignation of Jean François Clément Morand , he was appointed permanent secretary of the academy, which marked the beginning of a very extraordinary, literary activity.
In anatomy there is a term to honor him, for example for the Angulus sterni or Angulus Ludovici , or Louis-Winkel . There is an angle between the manubrium and the corpus sterni (see sternum ) that separates the upper and lower mediastinum .
Apart from a series of smaller works between 1749 and 1768, which dealt with stone carving, hereditary diseases, certain signs of death, venereal diseases and their treatment, the question of whether murder or suicide of the hanged man, the legitimacy of supposedly late-born children as well as several memorial speeches, larger works were the Recueil d 'observations d' anatomie et de chirurgie, edited with Sue , pour servir de base a la theorie des plaies de tete par contrecoup (1768). Furthermore, a translation of Hermann Boerhaave's surgical aphorisms (7 vol., 1768), the publication of a Dictionnaire de chirurgie (2 vol., 1772) and the Oeuvres diverses de chirurgie (2 vol., 1788), to which, apart from a number of smaller ones Treatises, about three dozen articles still in the Mémoires de l 'Acad. roy. de chir. (Tomus II-V) and a further number in the Journal de médecine on the most varied surgical and forensic medical subjects were added.
In the novel Jacques le fataliste et son maître Denis Diderot praised him as a military doctor, in addition, he was a prolific author of the Encyclopédie . He wrote several articles on the subjects of anatomy and medicine. He was also involved in the Encyclopédie d'Yverdon, one of the successor editions of the original, here by Fortunato Bartolomeo De Felice (1723–1789).
All written in a very elegant, clear and transparent style. When he died, he also left 24 packages with manuscripts. Louis was one of the most brilliant surgeons of the 18th century. Filled with true enthusiasm for his art and science, a keen and logical thinker, more a writer than a practitioner, he invented or improved some useful instruments. But he has the greatest benefit from his many years of service at the Acad. roy. de chir. accomplished, in that he knew how to lead the negotiations of this body with rare understanding and how to make them useful for the solution of numerous difficult questions in the field of surgery as well as forensic medicine. He was also the appointed, eloquent and impartial biographer of the famous surgeons who died at that time. In June 1791 Antoine Louis was commissioned by the National Assembly , Assemblée nationale - after the reform of criminal law - to design a uniform and effective procedure effet d'une simple mécanique for the execution, peine de mort .
Shortly before his death, he and Joseph-Ignace Guillotin had taken part in the construction of the execution machine bearing the latter's name and issued an Avis motive sur le mode de décollement (Moniteur universel, 1792). His first construction was named louisette or louison in his honor . The first construction was created with the craftsman Tobias Schmidt with the assistance of the executioner Charles-Henri Sanson . The first tests of the execution machine took place on April 17, 1792, it was located in the courtyard of the Bicêtre hospital , and live sheep and several corpses were used as test objects. The result was satisfactory, but the original shape of the blade was modified and replaced with a triangular shape.
literature
- August Hirsch : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Volume 4, Verlag Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna / Leipzig 1886, pp. 47–48.
- Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Louis, Antoine. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 867.
Web link
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fritz Povacz: History of trauma surgery. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-74844-1 , p. 16.
- ^ Short biography - Guillotin
- ↑ Klaus Malettke: The Bourbons 2: From Ludwig XV. until Louis XVI. (1715-1792). Volume II, Kohlhammer, 2008, ISBN 978-3-17-020582-6 , p. 226.
- ↑ Jacques Chazaud: Cabanis devant la guillotine. In: Histoire des sciences médicales. Tome XXXII, № 1, 1998, p. 71 (PDF file; 2.7 MB).
- ↑ Ils ont fait la revolution! Retrouvez les grands acteurs de la Révolution française ( Memento of October 16, 2010 in the Internet Archive ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Louis, Antoine |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French medic and encyclopedist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 13, 1723 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Metz |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 20, 1792 |
| Place of death | Paris |