Zigzaghausen (Bernburg)
Zickzackhausen , also Anton-Saefkow-Siedlung or Siedlung Friedrichshöhe , is a listed settlement in Bernburg (Saale) in Saxony-Anhalt .
The settlement in the Friedrichshöhe district is considered to be significant in terms of architectural history. It is considered part of New Building , although it was created parallel to the work of the Bauhaus in Dessau , but went its own way through a more holistic approach, especially with emphasis on the gardens for self-sufficiency.
location
It is located north of Bernburg in a triangle between Bundesstraße 71 (Magdeburger Chaussee) and Bodestrasse. Several streets lead across the triangle in a west-east direction (Horst-Heilmann-Straße, Herta-Lindner-Straße, Malte-Bruun-Straße and John-Schehr-Straße) on which the residential buildings are located.
history
The plans for the garden settlement on Friedrichshöhe were made from 1928 by the architect Leopold Fischer for the Anhalt settlers' association. The Knarrberg settlement in Ziebigk , which had already been built by Fischer, served as a model . To combat the housing shortage, 2000 housing estates were to be built, of which, however, only 90 were ultimately realized. The construction of the 90 houses was completed in July 1929. However, the sale was slow because the purchase price and the rents were too high. Initially only 20% of the houses were occupied. In 1930 the Anhalt settlers' association went bankrupt. Further problems arose from construction defects that occurred from 1932, which particularly affected the walls and ceilings as well as the garden walls. Although Fischer returned to Bernburg in 1933 to clarify the issue of construction defects, the cause remained disputed. It could not be finally decided whether there were defects in the execution or the construction. Overcrowding in houses with up to 15 people was a problem. In the end, Leopold Fischer agreed to contribute to the costs of remedying the defects.
In the course of time, however, the houses were then occupied. The settlers soon made minor changes to the buildings. After the end of World War II , Soviet soldiers were billeted in the houses and the original residents were evicted. During this time there was considerable damage to the buildings. Some false ceilings were breached, gardens devastated and heating systems destroyed. After a while the settlers were able to return. Repairs and conversions followed. The roof terraces have been roofed over and converted into living space, originally built-in dry toilets have been replaced with flushing water, and doors have been replaced. The hedges that initially existed in the front yard gave way to fences. During the GDR era, the settlement was also renamed Anton Saefkow settlement . The name after the resistance fighter against the Nazi regime Anton Saefkow still exists today, although the name Zickzackhausen is more common. A monument to Anton Saefkow, consisting of a boulder and a memorial plaque, was erected at the settlement.
There were further changes in particular from 1990 onwards. The color scheme of the buildings changed, many of the old wooden windows were replaced with plastic windows, and the shape of the windows was often changed. A monument conservation plan drawn up by the city of Bernburg was not implemented. A group of friends is committed to the settlement.
In the local monument register , the settlement is listed as a monument area under registration number 094 60068 .
architecture
Houses
Fischer was looking for an optimal solution to accommodate the house, outbuildings and garden for self-sufficiency on the property. He decided to position the individual houses built on a square floor plan at an angle, the fronts of which form zigzag lines, from which the name of the settlement goes back today.
Small courtyards were created on the back that cannot be seen from the neighboring properties. The buildings contain a small apartment of 85 m². The houses are covered by a flat roof . There is a 60 percent partial basement. The streets are only built on on the northern side. The gardens were on the south side
The living room and kitchen, which were connected by a hatch , were built on the ground floor of the two-storey, plastered and brick-built houses . In addition to the master bedroom, the upper floor contained two children's bedrooms, each designed for up to three children's beds. One of the bedrooms led to a terrace on the roof of the washhouse attached to the rear. The hallway between the bedrooms on the upper floor could be used as a washroom by adding a wash basin.
The single-storey outbuilding at the rear contained the wash house and a stable for z. B. Chicken farming. Across the yard was a mechanical dry toilet of the Metroclo type . There was initially no connection between the settlement and the municipal sewer system. This was followed by a dung silo and a storage shed for wood and coal.
garden
The garden was divided into a residential garden directly behind the house and a kitchen garden adjoining the residential garden. The kitchen garden was about 37 by 7.5 meters and was characterized by vegetable patches. The plans envisaged fruit and trellis walls to delimit the neighboring properties , but in practice chain link fences were erected. At the end of the garden a meadow was laid out, which was intended as a drying area for laundry and a children's playground. There was also a simply furnished arbor. There was an irrigation system for the garden that drained the rainwater but also sewage from the kitchen or bathing into the garden for irrigation. The waste from the Metroclo should be used for fertilization.
A garden warden working for the settlement should advise the residents on gardening work. In addition, he was responsible for maintaining the front gardens .
At the end of the property there was a wall with a door to separate it from the street running there.
Other facilities in the settlement
A wash house and a consumer building also belonged to the settlement as central facilities.
Wash house
The wash house was built on the northeastern edge of the settlement. It was planned that the laundry would be picked up from the settlement houses by means of a horse-drawn vehicle. Modern washing facilities existed in the leased wash house for the time. In addition to a double drum washing machine, there was a centrifuge, a low-pressure steam boiler system, washing troughs, lye boiling barrels and soaking tubs. A stable had been built for the horses. Ultimately, however, the washhouse did not pay off. The conversion to a residential building was planned as early as 1932.
consumption
As a local supplier, a three-story building was built as a so-called Konsum at the southern end of the settlement . It was built by the consumer and savings cooperative for Bernburg and the surrounding area . The building permit from April 1929 provided for the construction of sales rooms, restaurants and apartments. The L-shaped building has a basement, whereby the basement served as a storage room. On the ground floor a butcher, a grocery store and a were Kolonialwarenladen provided. In addition, there were two dining rooms as well as a kitchen and sideboard. However, since the restaurant was not approved, it was converted into an apartment shortly after completion. The upper floors are a little narrower than the ground floor, which results in a terrace. There were three apartments on the upper floors, which extended over both floors. The kitchen and living room were downstairs, the bedrooms upstairs.
The facade of the first floor was characterized by a large window front rounded at the corner. However, the large shop windows were already given up when the restaurant was converted into an apartment. After 1945 the building was converted into a Soviet broadcasting station. The system was later used as a jammer against the RIAS . In the 1990s, it was then used for mobile communications . There are proposals to convert the house into an information center and café.
literature
- Birthe Rüdiger in Georg Dehio, Handbook of German Art Monuments , Saxony-Anhalt II, Dessau and Halle administrative districts , Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-422-03065-4 , page 70.
- Birthe Rüdiger, Monuments Directory Saxony-Anhalt, District Bernburg, Volume 12 , Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony-Anhalt, Michael Imhof Verlag Petersberg, 2003, ISBN 3-937251-06-5 , page 127.
- Zickzackhausen Bernburg (Saale) , publisher: City of Bernburg (Saale), 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Answer of the state government to a short question for a written answer. ( PDF , 9.89 MiB) Printed matter 6/3905. State Parliament of Saxony-Anhalt, March 19, 2015, p. 3593 , accessed on November 15, 2019 (The small query was made by MP Olaf Meister and MP Prof. Dr. Claudia Dalbert, both Alliance 90 / The Greens ).
Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ′ 45.5 " N , 11 ° 43 ′ 29.3" E