Aortic stenosis

The aortic valve stenosis , usually shortened aortic stenosis called, is a congenital or acquired narrowing of the outflow tract of the left ventricle and is one of the most common primary valvular heart disease .

One differentiates:

• the aortic stenosis (subvalvular, valvular or supravalvular)
• the aortic valve stenosis acquired through inflammation ( endocarditis ), malformations or degenerative processes
• Congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with dynamic obstruction (so-called HOCM - hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ), which can manifest itself in children, adolescents or adults

Angina pectoris , syncope and dyspnea are important key symptoms in aortic stenosis , which can occur especially when the aortic valve is exposed to stress and when the opening area is less than 0.8 cm². An increase in heart rate leads to a decrease in stroke volume , but tends to increase cardiac output . Other symptoms are pale complexion and low blood pressure with reduced amplitude ( pulse pressure ). When the thorax is auscultated over the heart, there is a mostly loud (in phonocardiography also "spindle-shaped") systolic noise that occurs after the frequently weakened 1st and before the mostly also weakened 2nd heart tone, up to the aortic region and up to the carotids forward to perceive. A 4th tone can often be heard as an extra tone.

See also

• aorta
• Aortic regurgitation
• Mitral valve stenosis

literature

• Bernd Michael Balletshofer, Rainer Haasis (Ed.): Heart and vessels. Thieme, Stuttgart 2006. ISBN 3-13-141131-7 . P. 59ff.
• Thomas Cissarek, Knut Kröger, Frans Santosa, Thomas Zeller (eds.): Vascular medicine: therapy and practice. ABW Wissenschaftsverlag, 2009. ISBN 978-3-936072-89-1 . P. 81 ff.
• Wolfgang Gerok , Christoph Huber , Thomas Meinertz, Henning Zeidler (eds.): The internal medicine: reference work for the specialist. Schattauer Verlag, 2007. ISBN 978-3-7945-2222-4 .
• Klaus Holldack, Klaus Gahl: Auscultation and percussion. Inspection and palpation. Thieme, Stuttgart 1955; 10th, revised edition, ibid. 1986, ISBN 3-13-352410-0 , pp. 168-173, 178 f. and 196 f.
• Reinhard Larsen: Anesthesia and intensive medicine in cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgery. (1st edition 1986) 5th edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York et al. 1999, ISBN 3-540-65024-5 , pp. 245-257.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Alexander M. Sattler: Case book cardiology and angiology. Thieme, Stuttgart 2007. ISBN 978-3-13-141-811-1 . P. 84f.
2. ↑ Balletshofer et al .: Heart and vessels. P. 61
3. ↑ Reinhard Larsen (1999), pp. 246-250.
4. ^ Klaus Holldack, Klaus Gahl: Auscultation and percussion. Inspection and palpation. 1986, pp. 168-173 and 178 f.