Apse room

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Apse hall using the example of the Werder village church . The retracted tower was only built in the late Middle Ages.
Apse hall using the example of the Tempelhof village church

The apse hall is one of four floor plans in Dorfkirchenbau the Romanesque . It consists of the single nave nave with an adjoining apse , i.e. two components. The apse hall does not have the nave-wide, transverse rectangular west tower . Towers (recessed towers and roof towers ) are late medieval or baroque additions.

The apse hall is the simplest of the four Romanesque floor plan types (only two components). Due to the apse and the carefully squared stone masonry, it is undoubtedly one of the late Romanesque buildings in the Mark Brandenburg (1260/1270 at the latest).

Due to its small size, the apse room is one of the less expensive floor plan types. The cost depends on the village's income from harvest yields, which result from the size of the district and the quality of the soil. How important this “economic factor” is is shown by the fact that one third of the 169 settlements on the Barnim remained without a stone church in the Middle Ages. There are only three apse halls among the 116 village stone churches on the Barnim. The relatively low cost indicates that the village wanted a stone church as soon as possible, but could only afford a less expensive type of floor plan (than the complete complex or the choir square church ) due to the harvest yields .

A rare counterexample, however, is the apse hall of the Tempelhof village church . With 235 m² it has the largest interior space among Berlin's village churches. This is due to the fact that in addition to the village population, they also had to take in the residents of the Tempelhof Commandery . In addition, the Knights Templar was naturally keen to present itself in a representative manner.

literature

  • Erich Bachmann: Artistic landscapes in the Romanesque small church building in Germany . In: Journal of the German Association for Art History . tape 8 , 1941, pp. 159-172 .
  • Ulrich Waack: Building types of medieval village churches in Berlin and the Mittelmark . In: Bernd Janowski, Dirk Schumann (Ed.): Dorfkirchen . Contributions to architecture, equipment and monument preservation (=  churches in rural areas ). tape 3 . Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2004, p. 121-138 .
  • Ulrich Waack: Church building and economy . On the relationship between structural features of medieval village churches on the Barnim and their economic and settlement history (=  churches in rural areas . Volume 4 ). Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-936872-73-6 .