Choir square church

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Choir square church in Hohenstein on the Barnim (without tower)
Choir square church in Berlin-Mahlsdorf (retracted tower from the late Middle Ages)

The square choir church is one of four floor plans in Dorfkirchenbau the Romanesque . It consists of the single nave nave with an attached choir . Whether or not there is a tower has no effect on the floor plan type. What is characteristic, however, is the straight end of the choir without an apse joining it.

Among the three other Romanesque floor plan types in village church building are the choir tower church and the apse hall as well as the so-called “ complete system ”, which consists of the west tower, nave, recessed choir and apse. Since the square choir church lacks the apse, it has often been interpreted as a reduction type, which is therefore the "complete system" time followed, and in the early gothic belongs. This is not correct, however, because the square choir already appears in the Romanesque period parallel to the “complete system”, but also later in the early Gothic period.

With the disappearance of the apse churches in the transition from the late Romanesque to the early Gothic, the choir square is more often stretched lengthways, apparently to compensate for the lost chancel. However, this does not change anything in terms of membership of the “square choir church” floor plan type, which in exceptional cases shows an exactly square choir floor plan. This compensation has also contributed to the false impression that the square choir is a temporal successor to the “complete system”.

The square choir is the most common type of floor plan on the Barnim . Unless the churches were built with a transverse rectangular tower , additional towers (drawn-in towers or roof towers ) were only added in the late Middle Ages or after the Middle Ages.

literature

  • Erich Bachmann: Artistic landscapes in the Romanesque small church building in Germany. In: Journal of the German Association for Art Research, Vol. 8, 1941, pp. 159–172.
  • Ulrich Waack: Building types of medieval village churches in Berlin and the Mittelmark. In: Janowski, Bernd / Schumann, Dirk (Ed.): Dorfkirchen. Contributions to architecture, furnishings and preservation of monuments (= Volume 3 of the series Churches in rural areas ), Lukas-Verlag Berlin 2004, pp. 121-138.
  • Ulrich Waack: Church building and economy. On the relationship between structural features of medieval village churches on the Barnim and their economic and settlement history (= Volume 4 of the series Churches in rural areas ), Lukas-Verlag Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-936872-73-6