Urban forestry
Urban Forestry (also Arboriculture ) deals with the protection and sustainable development of trees and green spaces in settlement areas. This comparatively young scientific field of work comes from the Anglo-Saxon-American cultural area, in particular from the area of university education and basic scientific research.
Definitions
Since there is currently no German-language scientific definition, reference is made to the English-language definition below.
“The urban forest can be defined as the sum of all woody and similar vegetation in and around dense human settlements, from small settlements in rural areas to metropolitan areas . [...] This forest is the sum of the trees in the street, in gardens, parks and the vegetation in the green belts "
"Urban Forestry is the art, science and technology of managing trees and forests in and around ecosystems of urban communities for the physiological, social, economic and aesthetic benefits that trees bring to society"
"Arboriculture includes all aspects of the production, establishment, cultivation and management of trees in the landscape"
Definition of terms
Strictly differentiate between the concept of tree care (engl. Tree care ) and urban forestry, tree care as one of its sub-disciplines integrated. While tree care only looks at the individual object “tree”, Urban Forestry treats urban green as a whole, from ornamental lawns to urban forests in a functional, ecological overall context. The Anglo-Saxon-American urban forestry must also be distinguished from the German urban forestry ( urban silviculture ), but includes this as an important component in the methodological concept.
"Urban silviculture is defined as the art of reproducing and managing forests continuously to obtain sustained yields of forest benefits in urban regions through the application of ecological principles"
It is an interdisciplinary field of activity. Urban Forestry is made up of elements from horticulture , forestry, ecology, landscape architecture , urban planning , tree care and sociology ( social geography ) and brings these sub-disciplines together for the special framework conditions and requirements of urban spaces.
Since around the beginning of the 1980s there have been university courses in the USA under the term Urban Forestry , in the late 1990s also in Great Britain under the term Arboriculture , there since the 2000s also in the postgraduate area.
A college education is available in Great Britain up to the Master of Science, in the USA at universities and colleges mainly in the undergraduate area (Bachelor).
tasks
"The purpose of urban forestry is to use trees and natural habitat patches to ameliorate negative environmental impacts of cities and to contribute to the creation of more liveable, ecological sustainable cities"
The central task of urban forestry (partly also arboriculture ) lies in the maintenance and development of urban green spaces, which include urban forests, conversion areas , park-like forest landscapes, gardens, greenery along the road , etc. An important and central aspect is the safeguarding and maintenance of the urban tree and wood population according to ecological as well as traffic safety requirements.
The importance of securing, planning and sustainable development of urban green spaces on a scientific-ecological basis has become one of the most important research areas in relation to urban green in recent years. To be mentioned in this area are e.g. B. the project BUGS-Benefits of urban green spaces 2001-2004 carried out as part of the research framework program and the project URGE-Development of Urban Green Spaces to improve the quality of Life in Cities and Urban Regions of the Leipzig Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ .
See also
- Bosco Verticale (vertical forest by Stefano Boeri)
- Tree diagnosis
- Dendrology
literature
- Richard Wilson Harris: ARBORICULTURE: Care of Trees, Shrubs, and Vines in the Landscape. 5th Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1983, ISBN 0-13-043935-5 , pp. 2-3.
- Robert W. Miller, Richard J. Hauer, Les P. Werner: Urban Forestry: Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces. 3rd ed., Waveland Press, Long Grove 2015, ISBN 978-1-4786-0637-6 .
- Margaret M. Carreiro, Yong-Chang Song, Jianguo Wu: Ecology, Planning, and Management of Urban Forests. International Perspectives, Springer Series on Environmental Management, Springer, New York 2008, ISBN 978-0-387-71424-0 .
- Gary Moll, Sara Ebenreck: Shading Our Cities: A Resource Guide for Urban and Community Forests. 1st edition, Island Press, Washington / Cofelo 1989, ISBN 0-933280-95-5 .
- Ingo Kowarik, Stefan Körner: Wild Urban Woodlands. New Perspectives for Urban Forestry. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-23912-3 .
- Cecil C. Konijnendijk, Kjell Nilsson, Thomas B. Randrup, Jasper Schipperijn: Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-25126-2 .
- Cecil C. Konijnendijk: The Forest and the City: The Cultural Landscape of Urban Woodland. Springer Netherlands, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4020-8370-9 .
- Gordon A. Bradley: Urban Forest Landscapes: Integrating Multidisciplinary Perspectives. 1995, ISBN 0-295-97439-7 .
- Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Rowntree, Pamela C. Muick: The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity. University of Massachusetts Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-87023-884-0 .
- Irene Burkhardt, Regina Dietrich, Henrike Hoffmann, Jana Leschner, Katharina Lohmann, Franziska Schoder, Andreas Schultz: Urban forests. Final report on the preliminary investigation for the test and development project "Ecological urban renewal through the creation of urban forest areas on inner-city areas undergoing change of use - a contribution to urban development". (= Nature Conservation and Biological Diversity , Issue 63), Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-7843-3963-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Miller, p. 27: The urban forest may be defined as the sum of all woody and associated vegetation in and around dense human settlements, ranging from small communities in rural settings to metropolitan regions. [...] This forest is the sum of street trees, residential trees, park trees and greenbelt vegetation
- ↑ Helms, JA (Ed.): The Dictionary of Forestry. Society of American Foresters , 1998: Urban forestry is "the art, science, and technology of managing trees and forest resources in and around urban community ecosystems for the physiological, sociological, economic and aesthetic benefits trees provide society"
- ↑ Arboriculture involves all aspects of the production, establishment, cultivation and management of trees in the landscape
- ^ Miller, p. 353
Web links
- FAO: Urban and peri-urban forestry
- www.waldwissen.net: Urban Forestry - an opportunity for forestry
- USDA Forest Service: Urban Forests, Environmental Quality and Human Health