Ark shells

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Ark shells
Noah's ark shell (Arca noae)

Noah's ark shell ( Arca noae )

Systematics
Class : Mussels (Bivalvia)
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata
Subclass : Pteriomorphia
Order : Arcida
Superfamily : Arcoidea
Family : Ark shells
Scientific name
Arcidae
Lamarck , 1809

The ark mussels (Arcidae) are a family of mussels from the order of the Arcida . Currently over 250 species are included in the ark mussel family.

features

The shells of the ark shells are small to medium-sized (approx. 1.8 mm to over 15 cm), equally-hinged or slightly to significantly unevenly-hinged. The shape varies from rounded-rectangular, elongated-elliptical to almost rounded. The vertebra is broad and curled. It lies in front of the middle of the dorsal margin, i.e. H. the rear part of the housing is always more or less clearly longer than the front part. The two flaps open a little at the front edge to allow the byssus to pass through.

The surface is often heavily ornamented with radial ribs, but can also be covered with fine concentric and radial lines. The thickness of the shell is also very different for the species, from thin-skinned to extremely thick-skinned. The lock is taxodont (row-toothed), i.e. H. it is straight and consists of many, almost equally large, straight or V-shaped teeth.

There are two sphincters that are approximately the same size (isomyar). In contrast to almost all other types of mussels, the foot is flattened on the underside and thus resembles more of a crawling sole than a grave foot. A special feature of the ark mussels is the transport of oxygen in the tissue and blood with the help of the blood pigment hemoglobin , which is otherwise only found in vertebrates with a few exceptions. Other molluscs have the blood pigment haemocyanin , or they do not have any blood pigments for oxygen transport. The acquisition of the blood pigment hemoglobin is traced back to the way of life of the ark mussels in oxygen-poor water. Some types of shallow water have simple eyes on the edge of the mantle.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The species of the family of the ark mussel live mainly in the tropics and subtropics, a few species also penetrate into the temperate latitudes. Four species are also found in the North Sea and the Mediterranean. Some species have also made their way into fresh water.

They usually live with a byssus attached to a hard substrate. A form drills into rock. They occur from the tidal range to about 4000 m depth. The Noah's Ark shell is around 15 years old.

Economical meaning

Many, especially the larger species, are caught commercially and sold as seafood. The mussels are dredged " dredged " or collected by divers.

Taxonomy

The taxon was set up as Les Arcacées by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck as early as 1809 . Georg August Goldfuss latinized the Arcaceae taxon in 1820 and ascribed it to Lamarck.

Some authors still subdivide the family into the following subfamilies: Arcinae Lamarck, 1809, Anadarinae Reinhard, 1935, Bathyarcinae Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1979, Litharcinae Frizzell, 1946 and Scaphulinae Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1979. However, other authors do not use this subfamily structure.

supporting documents

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Rüdiger Bieler, Joseph G. Carter, Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families . In: Malacologia . tape 52 , no. 2 , 2010, ISSN  0076-2997 , p. 1–184 , doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201 .
  • Joseph G. Carter, Cristian R. Altaba, Laurie C. Anderson, Rafael Araujo, Alexander S. Biakov, Arthur E. Bogan, David C. Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Chen Jin-hua, John CW Cope, Graciela Delvene, Henk H Dijkstra, Fang Zong-jie, Ronald N. Gardner, Vera A. Gavrilova, Irina A. Goncharova, Peter J. Harries, Joseph H. Hartman, Michael Hautmann, Walter R. Hoeh, Jorgen Hylleberg, Jiang Bao-yu, Paul Johnston, Lisa Kirkendale, Karl Kleemann, Jens Koppka, Jiří Kříž, Deusana Machado, Nikolaus Malchus, Ana Márquez-Aliaga, Jean-Pierre Masse, Christopher A. McRoberts, Peter U. Middelfart, Simon Mitchell, Lidiya A. Nevesskaja, Sacit Özer , John Pojeta, Jr., Inga V. Polubotko, Jose Maria Pons, Sergey Popov, Teresa Sánchez, André F. Sartori, Robert W. Scott, Irina I. Sey, Javier H. Signorelli, Vladimir V. Silantiev, Peter W. Skelton, Thomas Steuber, J. Bruce Waterhouse, G. Lynn Wingard, Thomas Yancey: A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Kansas University Paleontological Contributions, 4: 1-47, Lawrence, Kansas, USA 2011, ISSN  1946-0279 PDF
  • Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint) ISBN 3-925919-10-4 .
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 1. XXXVIII, New York 1969, p. N250.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Markus Huber: Compendium of bivalves . 1st edition. ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2 .
  2. ^ Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck: Philosophy zoologique . tape 1 . de Duminil-Lesueur, Paris 1809, p. 318 ( online ).
  3. ↑ Georg August Goldfuss: Handbook of Zoology . 1st division. In: GH Schubert (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Naturgeschichte for use in lectures . Part 3, section 1. JL Schrag, 1820, p. 609 ( books.google.de ).

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