Arcuatula senhousia

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Arcuatula senhousia
Arcuatula senhousia

Arcuatula senhousia

Systematics
Order : Mytiloida
Superfamily : Mytiloidea
Family : Blue mussels (Mytilidae)
Subfamily : Arcuatulinae
Genre : Arcuatula
Type : Arcuatula senhousia
Scientific name
Arcuatula senhousia
( Benson in Cantor , 1842)
inside

Arcuatula senhousia is a shell - type from the family of mussels (Mytilidae). The original range of the species extended from the western Pacific to the Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea). The species isa Lesseps migrant in the eastern Mediterranean . The other occurrences in the Mediterranean are likely to be traced back to the accidental introduction of brood mussels when breeding oysters were introduced. Arcuatula senhousia has also been introduced to other parts of the world and is an invasive species that can displace native species due to its high reproduction rate and number of individuals as well as its very rapid growth.

features

The housing , which has the same flaps and is slightly expanded in the middle , is up to 25 mm long and 12 mm high, in exceptional cases also up to 35 mm long. The length / width ratio is about 2: 1. The housing is elongated-egg-shaped in outline. It is highly unequal, the vertebra is close to the anterior end but not marginal. The front end is tightly rounded. The rear end is significantly more rounded, and also flattened on the sides. The ventral margin is straight to very slightly concave. The dorsal edge initially rises and falls from about two thirds of the length of the case to the rear edge. The ligament is not continuous, but interrupted in the area of ​​the vertebra. The lock has 8 to 15 small, nodular teeth below the vertebra and in front of the ligament. Apparently this feature is somewhat variable, other authors expressly describe the lock as toothless.

The shell is thin and fragile. The color varies, from to light brown to dark brown with dark brown or purple rays. The periostracum is yellowish-green, the surface is shiny. The ornamentation consists of concentric growth strips. There are 6 to 8 radial lines in the rear part of the housing, which become weaker towards the edge of the housing. In the front part of the case there are a few weak ribs that cause a weakly notched front case edge on the inside.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The original distribution area extended in the western North Pacific from the Kuriles and Hokkaido (Japan) to southern China, Taiwan , Singapore and New Caledonia. In the west the distribution area extends into the Indian Ocean; it is proven to be Aden, Zanzibar, Madagascar, Mauritius, Indo-China, Thailand, Malaysia and India

In 1924 she was abducted to the American west coast of North America. She is there at several locations in British Columbia, Canada. Washington (USA), California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico) detected. It was first found in 1964 in the eastern Mediterranean off the Israeli coast; A little later, evidence followed in the Bardowil lagoon ( Egypt ). In this case, it is believed that they got there by ships from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal . In 1985 it was reported that the species was established in New Zealand .

Presumably in the 1970s it was brought from Japan to the Mediterranean coast in the south of France with hatching mussels. In 1983 she appeared in Australia. It was first found on the Italian Adriatic coast in 1986 and has since spread further in the Mediterranean. It was found in the Black Sea in 2002 and was finally found in the Arcachon Basin ( Biscay , North Atlantic) in 2009 . The reporting authors suspect that it got there by transferring oysters from the southern French Mediterranean coast.

The animals live with byssus attached in often large colonies on hard and soft substrates in areas protected from waves in eutrophic, brackish estuaries and lagoons in and below the tidal area in shallow water (up to about 20 meters water depth). They are obligatory suspension filter feeders.

development

The animals grow up very quickly. After just one year, the size of 25 mm can be reached. The great majority die after about a year, larger and therefore older specimens rarely occur. The maximum life is two years. The sex products are released in large numbers into the open water, where fertilization then takes place. On the northern Italian Adriatic coast, the spawning season started in September, presumably triggered by the falling water temperatures, and lasted until late autumn. Trochophora larvae rapidly develop from the fertilized eggs and then transition to a Veliger larvae stage. In the Veliger stage, a D-shaped first organic housing is initially formed, which later develops into the umbo stage (formation of the vortex). The larval stage lasts for a total of three to six weeks. The larvae then go over to metamorphosis and soil life as Pediveliger with a housing length of 0.24 to 0.3 mm .

Taxonomy

The taxon was founded in 1842 by William Henry Benson as Modiola senhousia . It is the type species of the genus Musculista Yamato & Habe, 1958. MolluscaBase places the species in the genus Arcuatula Jousseaume in Lamy, 1919. The MolluscaBase follows the view of Markus Huber, the Musculista Yamato & Habe, 1958 and Lamya Sott-Ryen, Synonymized with Arcuatula in 1957 . The species is named after Humphrey Fleming Senhouse , a British naval officer who died of a fever in Hong Kong in the First Opium War shortly after the British fleet took Canton (today's name: Guangzhou) (1841) .

literature

  • Eugene V. Coan, Paul Valentich Scott, Frank R. Bernard: Bivalve Sea Shells of Western North America. Marine Bivalve Mollusca from Arctic Alaska to Baja California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara 2000 ISBN 0-936494-30-1 (p. 167 as Musculista senhousia )
  • Peter Graham Oliver, Kevin Thomas (pictures): Bivalved seashells of the Red Sea. 330 pp., Wiesbaden, Hemmen et al. a., 1992 ISBN 3-925919-08-2 (p. 51, as Arcuatula arcuatula )
  • Argyro Zenetos, Serge Gofas, Giovanni Russo, José Templado: CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. Vol.3 Mollusca. CIESM (Frédéric Briand, ed.), Monaco, 2003 ISBN 92-990003-3-6 (p. 224/225, text online , as Musculista senhousia )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c H. J. Hoenselaar, J. Hoenselaar: Musculista senhousia (Benson in Cantor, 1842) in the western Mediterranean (Bivalvia, Mytilidae). Basteria, 53: 73-76, 1989 PDF
  2. ^ FR Bernard, Ying Ya Cai, Brian Morton: Catalog of the living marine Bivalve molluscs of China. 146 pp., Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 1993 ISBN 962-209-324-8 [preview on Google Books] (p. 35 as Musculista senhousia )
  3. ^ A b Jeffrey A. Crooks: Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation The Population Ecology of an Exotic Mussel, Musculista senhousia, in a Southern California Bay. Estuaries, 19 (1): 42-50, 1996, JSTOR 1352650
  4. ^ RC Willan: Successful establishment of the Asian mussel Musculista senhousia (Benson in Cantor, 1842) in New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 22: 85-96, 1985 JSTOR
  5. ↑ Guy Bachelet, Hugues Blanchet, Maud Cottet, Cécile Dang, Xavier de Montaudouin, Ana de Moura Queirós, Benoît Gouillieux, Nicolas Lavesque: A round-the-world tour almost completed: first records of the invasive mussel Musculista senhousia in the North- east Atlantic (southern Bay of Biscay). Journal of the Marine Biological Association, Marine Biodiversity Records, 2: e119, 2009 doi : 10.1017 / S1755267209001080 PDF
  6. ↑ Michele Mistri: Ecological Characteristics of the Invasive Asian Date Mussel, Musculista senhousia, in the Sacca di Goro (Adriatic Sea, Italy). Estuaries, 25 (3): 431-440, 2002 doi : 10.1007 / BF02695985
  7. ↑ Taeko Kimura, Hideo Sekiguchi: Comparison of Early Life History of Native and Exotic Mytilids, Musculista senhousia and Xenostrobus securis, in the Brackish Lake Hamana, Japan. Venus, 70 (1-4): 11-24, 2012 PDF (ResearchGate)
  8. ^ William Henry Benson: Mollusca . In: Theodore Cantor: General Features of Chusan. Animals observed at Chusan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9: 481-493 (Mollusca: 486-490), London 1842 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 489)
  9. ↑ MolluscaBase: Arcuatula senhousia (Benson, 1842)
  10. ^ Markus Huber: Compendium of Bivalves. 901 S., Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2010 ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2 (p. 546)
  11. ^ Edward Balfour: The Supplement to the Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial and Scientific; products of the mineral, vegetable and animal kingdoms, useful arts and manufactures. Madras, Scottish Press, 1858. Online at Google Books (p. 147)