Arnold Gesell

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Arnold Lucius Gesell (born June 21, 1880 in Alma, Wisconsin , † May 29, 1961 in New Haven ) was a psychologist , pediatrician and co-founder of developmental psychology .

Gesell later analyzed the dysgenic qualities of his hometown Alma in his work The Village of a Thousand Souls (German: "The city of a thousand souls"). He was one of five children and the son of a photographer and teacher. Watching his siblings grow up fueled his later interest in children.

Life

Gesell studied from 1896 at the University of Wisconsin – Madison to become a teacher. It was here that Edgar James Swift, who was trained at Clark University , piqued his interest in psychology. He worked as a high school teacher for a short time, then returned to the University of Wisconsin – Madison. There he attended lectures in history with Frederick Jackson Turner and in psychology with Joseph Jastrow , who founded the psychology laboratory at the University of Wisconsin. In 1903, Gesell obtained a bachelor's degree in philosophy here.

He then returned to teaching and becoming high school director before continuing his studies at Clark University , then one of the leading psychology colleges. This university was shaped by its President G. Stanley Hall , the founder of the pedology movement. Gesell received his doctorate (Ph. D.) there in 1906. For his doctorate, he spent some time as a student at the Wisconsin Medical School. While temporarily working in schools for the mentally handicapped, including the Henry H. Goddard- run Vineland Training School in New Jersey, he developed an interest in examining children with intellectual disabilities.

He worked at several schools in New York and Wisconsin before his fellow student Lewis Terman helped him teach at Los Angeles State Normal School. There he met fellow teacher Beatrice Chandler, whom he married and had two children with her, a son and a daughter.

He later worked as an assistant at Yale University while continuing his medical studies at the same time. There he developed the Clinic of Child Development ("Clinic for Child Development") and completed his training with the title MD (Doctor of Medicine) in 1915 from. He was later granted a full chair at Yale University.

He also worked as a school psychologist on the Connecticut State Board of Education and helped develop inclusive education for healthy and mentally challenged children that would improve the learning outcomes of the mentally challenged.

research

Gesell used the latest technology at the time for his research, for example video and cameras. He also used one-way mirrors to observe children in the experiments, and even invented the Gesell Dome , a one-way mirror in the shape of a dome under which children could be observed without disturbing them. In his research he studied numerous children, including the wolf child Kamala . He also researched young animals, especially monkeys.

As a psychologist, Gesell realized the importance of the interplay between genes and environmental influences. As a Maturationalist , he believed that psychological growth, like physical growth, was primarily determined by genes and that environmental influences played a subordinate role. Children imitate the behavior of their parents and peers. Gesell established norms and typical human behavior during childhood. He divided these into 10 groups, the " Gradients of growth " (German: types of growth). With reference to his statistical surveys, he determined how a child of a certain age normally behaves. He also said that the US would benefit from a nationwide kindergarten system.

Trivia

The Gesell Institute of Human Development named after him was founded by his colleagues from the Clinic of Child Development , Dr. Frances Ilg and Dr. Louise Bates founded Ames in 1950 after Gesell had left the university in 1948.

membership

In 1947, Gesell was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences .

Fonts

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article Arnold Gesell's Perspective on Learning and Development (English) ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.education.com
  2. ↑ Boring, EG (1952) “Arnold Lucius Gesell.” History of Psychology in Autobiography 4: 123-42. Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
  3. ^ Benjamin Harris: Arnold Lucius Gesell . American National Biography . Retrieved November 16, 2006.
  4. ↑ Kessen, William. (1965). "Growth and Personality" The Child: 208-228.
  5. ^ Miles, Walter R. (1964). "Arnold Lucius Gesell". Biographical Memoirs: National Academy of Sciences 37: 55-96. New York: Columbia University Press.
  6. ↑ Gesell, Arnold. "The Village of a Thousand Souls." American Magazine, Oct. 1913, pp. 11-16.
  7. ^ The Gesell Developmental Schedules: Arnold Gesell (1880–1961), RS Ball, 1977
  8. ↑ Arnold GESELL, R. Leys, 1961
  9. ↑ Arnold GESELL 1880-1961, H. Knoblauch, 1961
  10. ↑ Arnold GESELL's place in the history of developmental psychology and psychiatry, L. Kanner, pages 1-9, in 1960
  11. ↑ Families made by science. Arnold Gesell and the technologies of modern child adoption, E. Herman, pp. 684-715, 2001
  12. ↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter G. (PDF; 931 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Retrieved February 10, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Fellow, Arnold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gesell, Arnold Lucius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American pediatrician, co-founder of developmental psychology
DATE OF BIRTH June 21, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Alma (Buffalo County)
DATE OF DEATH May 29, 1961
Place of death New Haven (Connecticut)