Arsenobetaine

Structural formula
General
Surname	Arsenobetaine
other names	2-trimethylarsonio acetate; AsBet; AsBe; FROM;
Molecular formula	C 5 H 11 AsO 2
External identifiers / databases
EC number	634-697-3
ECHA InfoCard	100.162.654
PubChem	47364
Wikidata	Q704769
properties
Molar mass	178.06 g mol −1
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 301 + 331-410
	P: 261-273-301 + 310 + 330-304 + 340 + 312-391-403 + 233
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Arsenobetaine is one of the approximately 200 organic arsenic compounds found in foods of marine origin and in mushrooms. After eating fish, the total arsenic concentration in the body can increase by several powers of ten. In addition to arsenobetaine, arsenocholine (AC), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) and tetramethylarsonium (TETRA) are the most common arsenic compounds found in marine life.

Surname

Arsenobetaine is formally derived from betaine , in which As ^{+ is} replaced by N ⁺ .

properties

toxicology

The statement that arsenobetaine is excreted by the human organism without lasting after-effects is based on studies that showed arsenobetaine is rapidly excreted in the urine after consumption of fish. However, a kinetic study on 14 women showed delayed elimination from the blood after eating fish. For example, a rapid decrease in the arsenic concentration in the blood was observed within a period of 2 to 10 hours after consumption (estimated half-life 7.1 hours), but this decreased sharply afterwards and the estimated half-life was 63 hours. The data could also be confirmed by the excretion in the urine. Since it is unclear which metabolic processes arsenobetaine is involved in, doubts arise as to the real risk potential due to the long residence time. A mutagenic potential was not observed in an ML / TK test .

proof

Arsenobetaine is determined using a combination of liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric ( ICP-MS , ESI-MS ) methods.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b data sheet Arsenobetaine at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 18, 2017 ( PDF ).
↑ Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling it falls under the group entry arsenic compounds, with the exception of those named in this appendix in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ B. Lehmann, E. Ebeling, C. Alsen-Hinrichs: Kinetics of arsenic in human blood after a fish meal . Healthcare. 2001, 63 (1): 42-48, PMID 11272865 .
↑ C. Soriano, A. Creus, R. Marcos: Gene mutation induction by arsenic compounds in the mouse lymphoma assay . Mutat Res . 2007, 634 (1-2): 40-50, PMID 17851118 .
↑ A. Hata et al. : HPLC-ICP-MS Speciation Analysis of Arsenic in Urine of Japanese Subjects without Occupational Exposure. In: Journal of Occupational Health Vol. 49 (2007), No. 3 217-223 doi : 10.1539 / joh.49.217 .
↑ TD Ninh, Y. Nagashima, K. Shiomi: Quantification of seven arsenic compounds in seafood products by liquid chromatography / electrospray ionization-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC / ESI-MS) . Food Addit Contam. 2006, 23 (12): 1299-307, PMID 17118873 .

[Sigma-1] ta sheet Arsenobetaine at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 18, 2017 ( PDF ).

[CLP_100.240.769-2] Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling it falls under the group entry arsenic compounds, with the exception of those named in this appendix in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[Ebeling-3] B. Lehmann, E. Ebeling, C. Alsen-Hinrichs: Kinetics of arsenic in human blood after a fish meal . Healthcare. 2001, 63 (1): 42-48, PMID 11272865 .

[Soriano-4] C. Soriano, A. Creus, R. Marcos: Gene mutation induction by arsenic compounds in the mouse lymphoma assay . Mutat Res . 2007, 634 (1-2): 40-50, PMID 17851118 .

[Nachw_1-5] A. Hata et al. : HPLC-ICP-MS Speciation Analysis of Arsenic in Urine of Japanese Subjects without Occupational Exposure. In: Journal of Occupational Health Vol. 49 (2007), No. 3 217-223 doi : 10.1539 / joh.49.217 .

[Nachw_2-6] TD Ninh, Y. Nagashima, K. Shiomi: Quantification of seven arsenic compounds in seafood products by liquid chromatography / electrospray ionization-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC / ESI-MS) . Food Addit Contam. 2006, 23 (12): 1299-307, PMID 17118873 .