Arthonial

Arthonial
	Roccella fuciformis
Systematics
Empire :	Mushrooms (fungi)
Sub-kingdom :	Dikarya
Department :	Ascomycota mushrooms
Subdivision :	Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class :	Arthoniomycetes
Order :	Arthonial
Scientific name
	Arthonial
	Henssen & Jahns ex D. Hawksw. & OE Erikss.

The Arthoniales are an order of the ashes . They are lichen builders or live as saprobionts on plants. The mostly crust-like lichens they form with green algae .

features

They usually form apothecia . Sometimes these are also closed and then have an elongated, pore-shaped opening. The peridia is thick or thin-walled. The intermediate asci tissue consists of branched paraphyses in a gel-like matrix. The asci are thick-walled and turn bluish with iodine. The ascospores are aseptate or septate, sometimes brown.

The anamorphs are pycnidia .

Systematics

The Arthoniales were for a long time the only order of the class of Arthoniomycetes with four families, some of them very generic, and some genera of uncertain allocation. In 2014 the order of the Lichenostigmatales was described and recognized as a sister order of the Arthoniales, so that the class of Arthoniomycetes is no longer monotypical . At the moment (as of October 2018) seven families belong to the order with several genera of uncertain position:

Andreiomycetaceae with the only genus Andreiomyces
Arthoniaceae : species-rich family with 21 genera
- Amazonomyces
- Arthonia
- Arthothelium
- Coniangium
- Coniarthonia
- Coniocarpon
- Crypthonia
- Cryptophaea
- Cryptothecia
- Eremothecella
- Glomerulophorone
- Herpothallon
- Inoderma
- Leprantha
- Myriostigma
- Pachnolepia
- Paradoxomyces
- Reichlingia
- Sporodophorone
- Stirtonia
- Tylophoron
Chrysotrichaceae
- Chrysothrix
- Melarthonis
Lecanographaceae
- Alyxoria
- Heterocyphelium
- Lecanographa
- Phacographa
- Phacothecium
- Plectocarpone
- Zwackhia
Opegraphaceae
- Combea
- Cresponea
- Dictyographa
- Dolichocarpus
- Fouragea
- Ingaderia
- Llimonaea
- Nyungwea
- Opegrapha
- Paraingaderia
- Paraschismatomma
- Pentagenella
- Schizopods
- Sclerophyton
- Sparria
Roccellaceae : with 40 genera
- Ancistrosporella
- Austrographa
- Austroroccella
- Chiodecton
- Crocellina
- Dendrographa
- Dichosporidium
- Dirina
- Diromma
- Enterodictyon
- Enterographa
- Erythrodecton
- Follmanniella
- Gorgadesia
- Graphidastra
- Gyrographa
- Gyronactis
- Halographis
- Haplodina
- Isalonactis
- Lecanactis
- Mazosia
- Neosergipea
- Ocellomma
- Protoroccella
- Pseudolecanactis
- Pseudoschismatomma
- Psoronactis
- Pulvinodecton
- Roccella
- Roccellina
- Legend idiopsis
- Schismatomma
- Sigridea
- Simonyella
- Sipmania
- Streimannia
- Syncesia
- Tania
- Vigneronia
Roccellographaceae
- Dimidiographa
- Fulvophyton
- Roccellographa
Arthoniales incertae sedis
- Angiactis
- Arthophacopsis
- Bactrospora
- Bryostigma
- Catarraphia
- Felipes
- Glyphopsis
- Gossypiothallon
- Helminthocarpone
- Hormosphaeria
- Minksia
- Nipholepis
- Perigrapha
- Phoebus
- Sporostigma
- Synarthonia
- Synarthothelium
- Tarbertia
- Tremotylium
- Trichophyma
- Tylophorella
- Wegea

Individual evidence

^ OE Eriksson (Ed.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet , Volume 12, 2006, pp. 1-82. (online html)
↑ Damien Ertz, James D. Lawrey, Ralph S. Common and Paul Diederich: Molecular data resolve a new order of Arthoniomycetes sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales and composed of black yeasts, lichenicolous and rock-inhabiting species. In: Fungal Diversity . tape 66 , 2014, p. 113-137 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0250-9 .
↑ Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .

literature

Sina M. Adl et al .: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. In: The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 52 (5), 2005; Pages 399-451. doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x

Web links

Commons : Arthoniales - collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] OE Eriksson (Ed.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet , Volume 12, 2006, pp. 1-82. (online html)

[Ertz2014-2] Damien Ertz, James D. Lawrey, Ralph S. Common and Paul Diederich: Molecular data resolve a new order of Arthoniomycetes sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales and composed of black yeasts, lichenicolous and rock-inhabiting species. In: Fungal Diversity . tape 66 , 2014, p. 113-137 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0250-9 .

[Outline-3] Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .