Phaeococcomycetaceae
| Phaeococcomycetaceae | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lichenostigma saxicola recognizable as black dots on the lichen Caloplaca subsoluta |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the order | ||||||||||
| Lichenostigmatales | ||||||||||
| Ertz , Diederich & Lawrey | ||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||
| Phaeococcomycetaceae | ||||||||||
| McGinnis & Schell |
The Phaeococcomycetaceae are the only family of the order Lichenostigmatales within the sac fungi . They are dark yeast-like mushrooms that usually parasitize on lichens .
features
The Lichenostigmatales very rarely develop a mycelium that is brown, superficial and smooth-walled when present. It can generate real fruiting and fruit body-like structures for the conidia be present, they are then but almost indistinguishable. They are stromatic , lichen-dwelling , dark brown to blackish, spherical to elongated. The stromatic cells multiply by sprouting , are almost spherical, the exposed cells are dark brown, warty, the inner cells are translucent to pale brown. The tubes develop between the stromatic cells without any special tissue. They are almost spherical to briefly elliptical. When young, the wall is thickened towards the vertex, often with an ocular chamber. The wall does not turn red with iodine, or does not turn red with an iodine-potassium iodide solution or turns pale blue. The spores are translucent when young, the outer wall is sometimes blue with a potassium iodide solution, when old they are translucent or dark brown. They are simply septate , elliptical or elongated, with rounded or pointed ends. In the conidia -forming structures are no conidiophores formed. The conidia-forming cells are pale to medium brown and develop from spherical stromatic cells. They are short, cylindrical to almost ellipsoidal with an indistinct frustum-shaped base. They are polyblastic , which means that many conidia are pinched off. The conidia themselves are multicellular, ellipsoidal, brown, smooth, sometimes warty to prickly when overripe. The yeast phase consists of dark brown unseptated cells that are covered with mucus and multiply as they bud.
Way of life
The known species of the Phaeococcomycetaceae live as black yeasts , lichen-dwelling or rock-dwelling.
Systematics and taxonomy
The family Phaeococcomycetaceae was first described in 1985 by Michael R. McGinnis and Wiley A. Schell , the order Lichenostigmatales with the only family Phaeococcomycetaceae, however, only in 2014 by Damien Ertz , Paul Diederich and James D. Lawrey . The type genus is Phaeococcomyces for the family and Lichenostigma for the order. Ertz and colleagues justify this unusual deviation with the fact that lichenostigma species dominate. The new order Lichenostigmatales is a sister clade to the Arthoniales .
At the moment (as of October 2018) only the following three genera belong to the family and order: However, there are also other not described rock-dwelling species.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Damien Ertz, James D. Lawrey, Ralph S. Common and Paul Diederich: Molecular data resolve a new order of Arthoniomycetes sister to the primarily lichenized Arthoniales and composed of black yeasts, lichenicolous and rock-inhabiting species . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 66 , 2014, p. 113-137 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0250-9 ( springer.com [PDF]).
- ↑ a b Phaeococcomycetaceae . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed October 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .
