Arthur Francis Buddington

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Arthur Francis Buddington (born November 29, 1890 in Wilmington , Delaware , † December 25, 1980 ) was an American geologist and petrologist . He dealt in particular with reservoir research, regional geology, geochemistry and petrology.

Life

Buddington studied botany, chemistry and especially geology from 1908 at Brown University with a master's degree in 1913. He then went to Princeton University , where he took part in field studies in Newfoundland and received his doctorate in 1916. Among other things, he studied with the petrologist CH Smyth. After various intermediate positions (including briefly researching chemical weapons development in the First World War) inside and outside the university, he was from 1919 at the geophysical laboratory of the Carnegie Institution in Washington DC, at that time the most important research center for geochemistry and experimental petrology in the USA. There he examined in particular the Melilite . In 1920 he became an assistant professor and later professor at Princeton. He stayed there for 50 years and founded his own petrological school there, placing particular emphasis on chemical investigations. From 1936 to 1950 he was head of the faculty. At the same time he began a career as a field geologist with the United States Geological Survey from 1921, first in Alaska , 1930 in Oregon and from 1943 as head of a search for iron ore in the northeastern United States, which lasted 17 years. This also included aerial prospecting with magnetometers, using techniques that came from the submarine search in World War II and were first used in the Adirondacks in 1944 . New geochemical methods were also used.

In 1935, contrary to what was taught at the time, he introduced a new form of hydrothermal deposits ( what he called xenothermal , low pressure, high temperature).

He was a member of the American Philosophical Society (1931), the National Academy of Sciences (1943) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1948) and an honorary member of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland .

From 1943 to 1947 he was Vice President of the Geological Society of America. However, since he was averse to administrative tasks, he waived the mandatory subsequent presidency. 1954 to 1957 he was chairman of the geoscientific section of the National Academy of Sciences.

Buddington was the co-editor of American Scientist and the American Journal of Science. He was married to Elizabeth Jene Muntz since 1924 and had one daughter.

Honors

Buddington received honorary degrees from Brown University , the University of Liege, and Franklin and Marshall College.

In 1954 he received the Penrose Medal and in 1956 the Roebling Medal . In 1960 he received the Dumont Medal of the Belgian Geological Society.

In 1963 he received the US Department of the Interior's highest distinction , the Distinguished Service Award.

In 1964 the mineral buddingtonite was named after him.

Fonts

  • with T. Chapin: Geology and mineral deposits in southeastern Alaska, US Geological Survey Bulletin No. 800, 1929
  • with E. Callaghan: Metalliferous mineral deposits of the Cascade Range in Oregon, Geolog. Survey Bull. No. 893
  • with BF Leonard: Ore deposits of the St. Lawrence Magnetite Deposit, northwest Adirondacks, Geolog. Survey Professional Paper 377, 1964
  • with BF Leonard: Regional geology of the St. Lawrence County Magnetite Deposit, US Geological Survey Prof. Paper 276, 1962
  • Geology and mineral resources of the Hammond, Antwerp and Lowville quadrangles, New York State Museum Bulletin, No. 296, 1934
  • Adirondacks igneous rocks and their metamorphism, Geological Society of America, Memoir 7, 1939

literature

  • Albert Edward John Engel, Harold L. James, BF Leonard: Petrologic Studies: A Volume in Honor of AF Buddington . Geological Society of America , 1962 (English).
  • Alexander E. Gates: A to Z of Earth Scientists (Notable Scientists) . Facts on File, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8160-4580-8 , pp. 40–41 (English, gsi.ir [PDF; 3.2 MB ; accessed on September 22, 2018]).

Web links

  • Harold L. James: Arthur Francis Buddington 1890-1980 . A Biographical Memoir. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 1987 (English, nasonline.org [PDF; 1,2 MB ; accessed on September 22, 2018]).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ AF Buddington: High temperature mineral associations at shallow to moderate depth . In: Economic Geology . tape 30 , 1935, pp. 205-222 (English).
  2. ^ Member History: Arthur F. Buddington. American Philosophical Society, accessed May 23, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Richard C. Erd, Donald E. White, Joseph J. Fahey, Donald E. Lee: Buddingtonite, an ammonium feldspar with zeolitic water . In: American Mineralogist . tape 49 , no. 7-8 , 1964, pp. 831–851 ( rruff.info [PDF; 1,2 MB ; accessed on September 22, 2018]).
personal data
SURNAME Buddington, Arthur Francis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American petrologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 29, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Wilmington , Delaware
DATE OF DEATH December 25, 1980