Astraeus koreanus
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Astraeus koreanus is a fungal art from the family of Kartoffelbovistverwandten (Sclerodermataceae) within the order of Dickröhrlingsartigen (Boletales).
features
Macroscopic features
Astraeus koreanus forms quite small, spherical fruiting bodies 13.6–18.8 mm when closed and 35–37 mm when open . They initially grow underground and come to the surface when they are mature. Their outer layer, the exo peridia , rips open in 7-10 or more (Japanese specimens have up to 22) lobes when ripe and with sufficient moisture. The exoperidia is ocher-colored on the inside and very fragile, and when dry it looks glassy.
The light gray to isabel-colored endoperidia is spherical, tomentose and 9–16 mm in diameter. It is initially whitish, then turns yellow to pale brown. at maturity an irregular opening without a distinct peristome at the apex . The actual fruit layer, the Gleba, is whitish when young, turns dark brown to black when ripe. She has no columella .
Microscopic features
The scalp is made up of long, sometimes branched, intertwined hyphae that are hyaline . The hyphae are thick-walled with a continuous lumen . The mostly red-brown spores are ornamented in a coarse black manner and measure 9 to 10.5 µm.
Similar species
Astraeus koreanus is similar to the common weather star, but has significantly smaller fruiting bodies, lighter colors than this and extremely fragile.
Astraeus asiaticus , which is also found in Thailand, differs from Astraeus odoratus in the thickness of the peridia and the color of the gleba. In addition, the spores of Astraeus asiaticus have shorter thorns than Astraues odoratus .
Ecology and occurrence
Astraeus koreanus forms a mycorrhiza with oaks . In Nepal, for example, it occurs under Quercus incanus and Quercus semecarpifolia at altitudes between 2000 and 2500 m above sea level, sometimes even on burnt soils. The species was also found under pine trees such as Pinus thunbergii .
Astraeus koreanus was originally described from North Korea. He is also known from Nepal. It was also found in Japan on Honshu . In the phylogenetic study by Phosri and colleagues, China was also given as a place of discovery without any further limitation.
Systematics and taxonomy
Astraeus koreanus was first described in 1958 by the Czechoslovak mycologist Václav Jan Staněk as a variety of the common weather star as Astraeus hygrometricus var. Koreanus . Hanns Kreisel raised it to the rank of species in 1976 after discoveries from Nepal. However, the species rank is still controversial, the clear morphological difference to Astraeus hygrometricus speak for a separate species, but is not yet verified due to the lack of investigation at the type location in North Korea. More recent phylogenetic studies seem to confirm the independence. The genus of weather star belongs to the family Kartoffelbovistverwandten (Sclerodermataceae) within the order of Dickröhrlingsartigen (Boletales). In the mycological database Mycobank , however, it is placed in the Diplocystaceae family .
use
Astraeus koreanus , unlike other weather stars such as Astraeus asiaticus and the common weather star, is not edible.
literature
- Kreisel H (1976) Gasteromycetes from Nepal II. Feddes Repert 87: 83-107. doi : 10.1002 / fedr.19760870106
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Wanwisa Fangfuk, Ratchanee Petchang, Chaiwat To-anun, Masaki Fukuda, Akiyoshi Yamada: Identification of Japanese Astraeus, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyzes . In: Mycoscience . tape 51 , 2010, p. 291–299 , doi : 10.1007 / s10267-010-0039-6 ( online pdf ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Kreisel H .: Gasteromyzeten from Nepal II. In: Feddes Repertorium . tape 87 , 1976, pp. 83-107 , doi : 10.1002 / fedr.19760870106 .
- ↑ Phosri C, Martin MP, Sihanonth P Whalley AS, Watling R: Molecular study of the genus Astraeus . In: Mycological Research . tape 111 , 2007, p. 275-286 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.01.004 .
- ↑ a b c Phosri C, Martín MP, Watling R: Astraeus: hidden dimensions . In: IMA Fungus . tape 4 , 2013, p. 347–356 , doi : 10.5598 / imafungus.2013.04.02.13 , PMC 3905946 (free full text).
- ^ Mycobank: Astraeus koreanus . Retrieved November 15, 2016 .
- ↑ Pavithra M, Greeshma AA, Karun NC and Sridhar KR: Observations on the Astraeus spp. of Southwestern India . In: Mycosphere . tape 6 , 2015, ISSN 2077-7019 , p. 421-432 , doi : 10.5943 / mycosphere / 6/4/4 ( online via ResearchGate ).
