Audita tremendi
With the second "crusade bull " Audita tremendi on October 29, 1187, Pope Gregory VIII called for the Third Crusade .
The reason for this bull was the defeat in the Battle of Hattin on July 4, 1187, as a result of which Jerusalem was conquered by the Muslims on October 7, 1187. In its text and appeal, the bull followed the first crusade bull Quantum praedecessores of 1145. Gregory VIII lamented the terrible loss of Jerusalem and underlined the importance of this kingdom for Christianity . The Pope promised the participants the full protection of the Church , which was combined with a full indulgence . He concludes that the loss of Jerusalem was due to the sins of the West. Now it is a task of the western kingdoms to initiate reparation, which then culminated in the call for the Third Crusade.
After some hesitation, the call of the Roman-German Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa , the English King Richard I Lionheart and the French King Philip II August followed and formed the largest crusader army of the Middle Ages .