Axel Frederic Cronstedt

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Axel Frederic Cronstedt

Axel Frederic von Cronstedt (born December 23, 1722 in Ströpsta , Nykvarn municipality , † August 19, 1765 in Stockholm ) was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist.

Life and accomplishments

Cronstedt enrolled in 1738 as a student at Uppsala University . At the beginning he studied mathematics at the request of his father in order to be able to pursue a military career later. Johan Gottschalk Wallerius aroused his interest in mineralogy , which he devoted himself from then on. In 1742 he began as a novice at the Swedish Mining Authority, where he was continuously entrusted with higher posts. With the appointment as head of the eastern and western mining areas of the country he had reached the high point of his career in 1758. In 1753 he was accepted as a member of the Swedish Academy of Science . Cronstedt's valuable mineral collection was later bought by the Danish landlord Tönnes Christian Bruun-Neergaard.

In 1751 he succeeded in presenting the element nickel for the first time . This was done by extraction from red nickel gravel . He gave the element the name nickel in 1754. He also investigated minerals with the soldering tube , made known and further developed by his student Gustaf von Engeström .

Cronstedt coined the term zeolite in 1756 (see zeolite group ).

Portrait medal

  • 1882 silver medal, Lea Ahlborn fecit. Front: AX. FRIDER. CRONSTEDT REI METAL. PRAETOR / below: N. 1722. O. 1765. - Unclothed bust with plait wig to the right, signed: LA // Back: STRATA SUBTERRANEA LUSTRAT - Cronstedt climbs up a ladder into a shaft. Four lines of text in the section

Selected Works

  • Inträdes Valley, Om Medel til Mineralogiens vidare Förkofran . Hållit För Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Academien, February 9, 1754, Stockholm
  • Forsök til mineralogie, eller Mineral-Riketes Upställning . 1758, Stockholm
  • Attempt a new mineralogy. 1760, Copenhagen (translation by G. Wiedeman)
  • An Essay Towards A System Of Mineralogy. 1770, London (translation by Gustav von Engeström )
  • Attempt at a mineralogy. 1780, Leipzig (translation and additions by Abraham Gottlob Werner )
  • Basics of a Salzburg mineralogy. or a brief display of the most famous fossils of the Salzburg mountains. Arranged according to Werner's translation of Cronstedt's mineralogy. 1786, Salzburg
  • An Essay Towards A System Of Mineralogy. In two volumes. 1788, London (2nd edition)

literature

  • Cronstedt, Axel Frederik . In: Lexicon of natural scientists . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg 2000 (CD-ROM; Red .: Rolf Sauermost, Directmedia, Berlin 2004). “... discovered nickel in red nickel pebbles in 1751 (he called it in 1754) and recognized its magnetic properties; gave the description of a tungsten ore in 1752, which he called Tungsten ("heavy stone", later referred to as scheelite); introduced chemical analysis and in 1758 the solder pipe to mineralogy; coined the mineral name "zeolite" and was the first to differentiate between the substances graphite and lead luster, which were previously regarded as chemically identical. "
  • Axel Frederic Cronstedt . In: Bernhard Meijer, Theodor Westrin (ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Cestius-Degas . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1906, Sp. 894 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ according to Moll's archive, 1805, IV
personal data
SURNAME Cronstedt, Axel Frederic
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cronstedt, Axel Frederic von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish chemist
DATE OF BIRTH December 23, 1722
PLACE OF BIRTH Ströpsta , Södermanland
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1765
Place of death Stockholm