Azadi
The Azadî (dt .: Freedom ), officially Civata Azadiya Kurd ( Society for Kurdish Freedom ), later Civata Xweseriya Kurd ( Society for Kurdish Independence ) was a secret Kurdish organization that was founded in Turkey after the First World War . Not much is known about her, as her party manifesto and party book were burned by his uncle after one of the leaders, Cibranlı Halit Bey , was arrested. Various information such as 1921, 1922 and 1923 are made about the founding date of the Azadî.
history
The Azadî was founded before secularism and the abolition of the caliphate . The Kurdish resistance cannot be seen solely as resistance to Ankara's religious policy. Another important point is that the Azadi differed from other organizations such as the Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti in that it was not founded in Istanbul and was not in the interests of foreign powers. The focus of the organization was in the Kurdish areas in Eastern Anatolia and the center was in Erzurum . According to Ihsan Nuri Pasha and other members, Azadî had 23 branches in cities such as Diyarbakir , Siirt , Istanbul, Dersim , Bitlis , Hınıs , Van , Muş , Kars , Malazgirt and Erzincan .
A branch in Diyarbakir was established in February 1925. Important members worked there such as the cousins Ekrem Cemilpascha and Kadri Cemilpascha and Doctor Fuat. Members were Kurds from all walks of life and not, as in previous organizations, only Kurds from the aristocracy. So there were tribal leaders, religious leaders on the one hand and intellectuals and officers from the Ottoman army on the other. Their goal was the independence of the Kurds. A short time later, at the end of 1924, the leaders of the Azadî Cibranlı Halit Bey, Yusuf Ziya Bey and about 21 other people were arrested and brought to trial in Bitlis. Sheikh Said became the new leader . At a congress in late 1924, the organization decided to start an uprising. The Sheikh Said uprising began a little later in the spring of 1925. During the uprising, Cibranlı Halit Bey and Yusuf Ziya Bey were hanged.
According to Robert Olson, the Azadî in the Muş - Malazgirt - Bitlis area had around 5,000 armed men from the Hasenan, Zırkan and Cibran tribes, and 2,000–3,000 men in the Botan region. Half of the 7th regiment stationed in Diyarbakır consisted of Kurds and thus potential supporters of the Azadî. Captain Ihsan Nuri deserted on March 3rd and 4th. September 1924 with three other lieutenants, 350 soldiers and the complete weapons of the 18th regiment and ran over to the rebels. After the suppression of the uprising and the execution of Sheikh Said, the organization lost its importance.
Known members (selection)
- Erzurum: Cibranlı Halit Bey
- İstanbul: Seyyit Abdülkadir
- Muş-Bitlis: Former Ottoman MP Yusuf Ziya Bey
- Van: Molla Abdulmecit Efendi (brother of Said-i Kurdi )
- Siirt: Ihsan Nuri Pasha
- Diyarbakir: Ekrem Cemilpascha , Kadri Cemilpascha
swell
- Martin Strohmeier and Lale Yalcin-Heckmann: The Kurds: History, Politics, Culture , Publishing House CH Beck , ISBN 3-406-42129-6
- Mehmet Şahin and Kauffeld: Data and facts on Kurds and Kurdistan ; Pro Humanitate publishing house, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-933884-08-X