Seyyit Abdülkadir

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Seyyit Abdülkadir

Seyit Abdülkadir or Seyyid Abdülkadir Efendi ( Kurdish Seyîd Evdilqadir Efendî ), * 1851 in Nehri / Ottoman Empire; † May 27, 1925 in Bitlis / Turkey, was an Ottoman- Kurdish politician. He was hanged in the course of the Sheikh Said uprising in 1925. Seyyit Abdülkadir was a Naqschbandischeich and son of Sheikh Ubeydallah .

biography

Seyyit Abdülkadir comes from an influential family from the village of Nehri in Şemdinan (now Şemdinli ). He took part in the uprising of his father in 1879/1880 and organized it. After the crackdown, he was deported to Ta'if with his father . In 1905 he moved to Beirut . After the Young Turkish Revolution of 1908, Enver Pascha got in touch with him. Seyyit Abdülkadir was supposed to play the link between the Young Turk Committee for Unity and Progress and the Kurds. So he sent telegrams to the Kurdish clan leaders, became a member of the committee himself and returned to Istanbul.

With the restoration of the Ottoman constitution , he founded the Kürt Teavün ve Terakki Cemiyeti in 1908 and was elected its superior for life. He also participated in the founding of the Freedom and Unity Party. In 1910 he was appointed senator in the Ottoman Parliament ( Ayan Meclisi ). In 1918 he was a co-founder of the Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti and was also its chairman. Within the Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti, he was the leader of the wing that campaigned for Kurdish autonomy in the Ottoman state. On March 4, 1919 he was in the first cabinet of the Grand Vizier Damat Ferid Pasha to chairman of the State Council ( Şura-yı Devlet Reisliği ).

In an interview with the French newspaper Journal D'Orient , he endorsed the agreement of December 19, 1919 between the Kurdish Sherif Pasha and the Armenian Boghos Nubar Pasha to divide the eastern Ottoman vilayet between Kurds and Armenians.

Meeting with the British

When the Allies occupied Istanbul after the First World War , he met the British several times. As chairman of the Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti, he negotiated with them for an autonomous Kurdish state. When this became known, he and other leading members of the association were summoned to the Sublime Porte on July 10, 1919 , and were forbidden from negotiating with the English on their own.

At a meeting on December 8, 1919 in Istanbul with Thomas Beaumont Hohler, the State Secretary of the British High Commissioner John de Robeck , Abdülkadir explained to him that the Kurds and Armenians had come to an agreement both in Istanbul and in Paris. He explained that the Damat Ferid Pasha asked for help to overthrow the government of the Grand Vizier Ali Rıza Pasha and that he had promised the Kurds autonomy and a few other things. He also said that it was impossible to estimate what Mustafa Kemal and the Azerbaijanis, who were fueled by Ismail Enver and Halil (Kut) Pasha , could do, and that Mustafa Kemal was becoming a greater threat every day. When Holer asked whether the Hürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası would use force against Mustafa Kemal, the latter answered with yes. Tom Beaumont Hohler was very impressed by Abdülkadir's determination to found his own independent state of Kurdistan.

Sheikh Said uprising and execution

Seyyit Abdülkadir was an opponent of the Kemalists and had already offered the British his help against the Kemalists. After the victory of the Kemalists and the founding of Turkey in 1923, Seyyit Abdülkadir was an obstacle to the new government due to his religious influence. The Sheikh Said uprising broke out in 1925 . Seyyit Abdülkadir was tried in the course of this uprising before an independence court in Diyarbakır . The court found him guilty and sentenced him to death. He was executed in Bitlis on May 27, 1925.

literature

  • Uğur Mumcu : Kürt - İslam Ayaklanması 1919-1925 , Tekin Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991, ISBN 975-478-088-9 , pp. 11-17.
  • Mehmet Kemal Işık (Torî): 'Seyyit Abdülkadir Efendi', Ünlü Kürt Bilgin ve Birinci Kuşak Aydınlar , Sorun Yayınları, İstanbul, October 2000, ISBN 975-431-111-0 , pp. 149–150.
  • Bilal Şimşir, Kürtçülük , Bilgi Yayınları, ISBN 978-975-22-0215-3 , İstanbul, 2007

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Bilal Şimşir: Kürtçülük, 1787–1923.
  2. ↑ Şevket Süreyya Aydemir: Makedonya'dan Orta Asya'ya. Volume III Note: Enver Pasha fled to the Caucasus after his defeat in World War I and wanted to return with a Turan army . In addition, he wanted to free all the Turkish peoples of Central Asia from the Soviets. He was in contact with his younger cousin Halil (Kut) Pasha.
  3. ↑ British Foreign Office 406/41, pp. 425-426 No. 194/1
  4. ↑ Bilal Şimşir: İngiliz Belgelerinde Ataturk. Volume I pp. 273-275. ISBN 975-16-1667-0 .
personal data
SURNAME Abdülkadir, Seyyit
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abdülkadir Efendi, Seyyit
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman cleric and politician of Kurdish origin
DATE OF BIRTH 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Şemdinli
DATE OF DEATH May 27, 1925
Place of death Bitlis