Şemdinli
| Şemdinli | ||||
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| Basic data | ||||
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| Province (il) : | Hakkari | |||
| Coordinates : | 37 ° 18 ' N , 44 ° 34' E | |||
| Height : | 1450 m | |||
| Residents : | 16,973 (2018) | |||
| Telephone code : | (+90) | |||
| Postal code : | 30 800 | |||
| License plate : | 30th | |||
| Structure and administration (as of 2019) | ||||
| Structure : | 5 malls | |||
| Mayor : | Tahir Saklı ( AKP ) | |||
| Postal address : | Moda Mah. Fatma Çakır Cad. Şemdinli |
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| Website: | ||||
| Şemdinli County | ||||
| Residents : | 45,117 (2018) | |||
| Surface: | 1,207 km² | |||
| Population density : | 37 inhabitants per km² | |||
| Kaymakam : | Muhammet Fuat Türkman | |||
| Website (Kaymakam): | ||||
Şemdinli ( Syriac Aramaic : ܫܲܡܣܕܝܼܢ Şamizdin , Kurdish : Şemzînan ) is a city and a district in the province of Hakkari in Turkey . The place is located in a basin that is irrigated by the Şemdinli brook, which is a tributary of the Great Zab . It is connected to the Yüksekova plain (Geverebene) via the Harun pass, which is 2110 meters high . Şemdinli is bordered by Yüksekova County in the north (west) and Derecik County in the south, Iran in the north-east and Iraq in the south (east) . The place was raised to Belediye in 1946 and is home to more than a third (2018: 37.62%) of the district's population.
Administrative division
In 2018, the district surrendered the south-eastern part of its territory to the newly created Derecik district. The proportion of women is 43.4% and the population density (37) is below the provincial average (40 inhabitants per km²). In addition to the district town, there are 18 villages ( Köy ) with an average of 1564 inhabitants. Nine villages have a thousand and more inhabitants:
- Altinsu (4,681)
- Korgan (4,533)
- Tekeli (2,797)
- Günyazı (2,691)
- Kayalar (2,129)
- Tütünlü (2,038)
- Konur (1,759)
- Boğazköy (1,138)
- Çatalca (1,000 pop.)
history
The former name Şemdinlis was Nûşar (kurd. For "new city"). The Kurdish name Şemdinan can be traced back to 1928. It is possibly derived from Shams ad-Din Abbasi, who lived in the 11th century. From 1932 the Turkish form Şemdinli was used.
The former inhabitants of Şemdinli were Aramaic Nestorians . The Arameans, who belong to the Noçiya tribe (Kurdish: Navçilal; translated Between the Mountains ), have been under the Kurdish Principality of Badinan since the 14th century , the center of which is today's Iraqi Amediye . The spiritual leaders of the Nestorians, based in Qudschanis , have been from the Matran family of the Noçiya tribe since 1663. Today about 20,000 members of the Noçiya still live scattered in Iraq, Iran and the USA . There are four great Kurdish tribes living in Şemdinli. These are the Humaro, the Zarza, the Herki and the Gerdi.
Seyyid Taha immigrated to the village of Nehri at the beginning of the 19th century and founded a madrasa there . He made peace between the tribes and expanded his influence from Van to Urmia in Iran. Seyyid Taha was a disciple (Murid) of the Naqschbandi Sheikh from Mosul named Halid Baghdadi. Seyyid Taha is still highly regarded among the Kurds of Hakkâris and Iraq. During the Russian War from 1854 to 1858 he mobilized the Kurdish tribes for the Ottoman Empire.
Taha's son, Sheikh Ubeydallah , rose against the Ottomans in 1879 and against Iran in 1880. He propagated the establishment of an Islamic Kurdistan . Hence, Sheikh Ubeydullah is considered by some Kurdish researchers to be the first leader of modern Kurdish nationalism. After his defeat, Sheikh Ubeydallah and his family were deported to the Hejaz, where he later died.
Ubeydullah's son Seyyit Abdülkadir returned to Istanbul after his family exile from the Hejaz and became a member of the Ottoman Parliament (Ayân Meclisi). In 1919 he was among the founders of the Freedom and Unity Party and chairman of the State Council in Damat Ferid Pasha's first government . Seyyid Abdülkadir was sentenced to death and executed by an independence court in Diyarbakır for organizing the Sheikh Said uprising in 1925 . In the same year, Turkish soldiers devastated the village of Nehri and the madrasa, putting an end to the family's influence.
During the First World War , Şemdinli was occupied four times by the Russians. The first time from October 5 to December 1914, the second time in May 1915, the third time in the fall of 1915 to July 31, 1916 and the fourth time from August 10, 1916 to October 24, 1917. In 1915 all became Christians expelled from the area. They fled to Urmia, among other places. After the war, the chief of the shikak İsmail Ağa ( Simko (Schikak) ) and Kâzım Karabekir prevented the Nestorians from returning from Urmia to Hakkâri. As a reaction to the execution of Seyyit Abdülkadir in 1925, the city was briefly occupied by Kurdish insurgents.
Clashes between the PKK and security forces in Şemdinli
In the area around Şemdinli there are frequent clashes between PKK fighters and Turkish security forces.
On November 9, 2005, a bookstore was bombed. The attackers were overwhelmed and turned out to be members of the Jandarma .
After several clashes in June 2012, the PKK besieged Şemdinli in July 2012. In September 2012, the Turkish army started an operation ( Şafak Operasyonu ).
Attractions
- Taş Köprü (Stone Bridge): The bridge is located twelve kilometers from Şemdinli and four kilometers from the village of Bağlar . The bridge is eleven meters high and 21 meters long. It was built at the end of the 19th century.
- Kelat Sarayı (Kelat Castle): The castle is 17 kilometers from Şemdinli on the edge of a stream. It was built in the early 20th century.
- Kayme Sarayı (Kayme Castle): The castle is located north of the village of Bağlar. It was built between 1909 and 1911.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Türkiye Nüfusu İl ilçe Mahalle Köy Nüfusları , accessed on June 24, 2019
- ↑ http://bianet.org/bianet/politics/70866-situation-in-southeast-still-tense
- ^ Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism
- ↑ a b T.C. Hakkâri Valiliği İl Müftülüğü ( Memento from September 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
